solved Respond to two of your colleague’s postings in one or

Respond to two of your colleague’s postings in one or more of the following ways:Ask a probing question.Share an insight gained from having read your colleague’s posting.Offer and support an opinion.Make a suggestion.Expand on your colleague’s posting.Be sure to use references.DB 1Tyler—A brief description of the child or adolescent stress or adjustment issue you selectedThe stress or adjustment issue I have chosen to discuss today is a guardian/parent leaving the family and moving away. I worked with a client at my previous internship who was dealing with a lot of adjustments, as well as severe Generalized Anxiety Disorder. He lived in a low-income family, his parents split up, causing his father to move 12 hours away, and his mother became pregnant with someone other than the client’s father. Because of these things, and the neglect the client was experiencing, he developed intense negative thoughts and intrusive thoughts about nearly everything in his life. Explain one way culture, gender, or social factors might influence the manifestation of the stress or adjustment issue and howThe client’s family raised him as an extremely conservative boy. Although he was only 9 years old at the time of our sessions, he had strong beliefs rooted in conservative practices, and was taught that men are supposed to be strong and not let things in his life affect him emotionally. His parents also did not give him much attention, if at all, and criticized everything he did, which led him to believe that he was not a good enough son. These thoughts began to increase overtime, and when his baby half-brother was born, these thoughts increased dramatically. The adjustment of having a newborn in the house, lack of attention and support, knowing that the newborn was not his full brother, and dealing with his father moving away all contributed to his problems with adjustment, and he developed GAD as well. According to Cook, Chaplin, Sinha, Tebes, and Mayes (2002), adverse conditions in a child’s environment, such as maltreatment or neglect, directly correlate with negative child outcomes. Children become anxious, result to anger and outbursts, and have difficulty in interpersonal relationships (Cook, et. al., 2002). Explain which factor or manifestation of the adjustment issue may be the most difficult for you to addressThe adjustment issue that was the most difficult to address with this client was the fact that his father moved away. The client did not understand why his Dad would leave him, and why his Dad rarely ever called to check in on him. The reason for this was because his Father was on multiple drugs, including cocaine and heroin. Although the client did not know the details about his father’s drug use, he was aware that his father’s behavior changed a lot and that he was doing something to cause this. It was difficult because we could not change the father’s behavior, and we could not tell the client that his father was on drugs because the family requested that we did not share this information. To address this adjustment issue with the client, my supervisor and I were able to play off of the client’s strengths and resiliency, which encouraged his adjustment to his new normal life. Because the client grew up in adverse situations, he is incredibly resilient and adaptive, and his heightened reactivity to certain stimuli actually help him function better in his family life (Cook, et. al., 2002). ReferencesCook, E. C., Chaplin, T.M., Sinha, R., Tebes, J.K., & Mayes, L.C. (2002). The stress response and adolescents’ adjustment: The impact of child maltreatment. Journal of Youth and Adolescents, 41(8), 1067-1077.DB 2Shandra—I choose to discuss post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children or adolescents. The DSM-5 has divided this disorder into four criteria (Criteria A-D) according to the presence of clusters of symptoms and has been revised accordingly. Likewise, separation anxiety disorder and oppositional defiant disorder likely coexist with PTSD (APA, 2013). For most close-knit families, there is a strong bond between the parents and their children. This bond could be of physical, emotional, mental, spiritual, and even financial aspects. Parents are considered the nurturers, especially mothers who have provided that “physical bond and instinct”. Likewise, regardless of role, parents are sole providers who mainly provide necessities such as food, water, and shelter. Parents usually influence the values and behaviors of children or adolescents. Hence it is common knowledge that when a strong bond between a parent and children is destroyed, this leaves the latter being in distraught. Cook et al. (2012) mentioned that “experience with and management of stress has implications for adolescent’s behavioral and socio economic development. “Indeed, anger regulation and interpersonal competence varies and are attributed to how children and adolescents handle crisis. Likewise, under immense stress, various physiological changes occur, from heart rate, cortisol level, and reactivity (Cook et al, 2012) One example of why children or adolescents’ manifest behaviors related to PTSD is due to a parent’s death. Some may pass the five stages of grief, but others are stuck in the denial stage. A parent’s death is a highly traumatizing event for an adolescent and much more for a child, given that the parents or a parent are their nurturers, sole provider, and companions. As previously mentioned, a separation anxiety disorder may coexist with PTSD (APA, 2013). Thus, survivors of deceased parents or a parent seek their presence, physical touch, and guidance. Some tend to neglect and do not accept other’s help just because the children do not think that these people can offer what their parents can offer (APA, 2013). May the reason be secondary to a terminal illness, accidents, occupation/employment-related, assault, etc. The death of a parent is a crisis that is somewhat overwhelming for a developing child or adolescent and is imperative to be addressed accordingly. Reference:American Psychiatric Association (2013). Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5. http://www.dsm5.org/ Cook, E., Chaplin, T., Sinha, R., Tebes, J., Mayes, L. (2012). The Stress Response and Adolescent’s Adjustment: The Impact of Child Maltreatment. J Youth Adolescence, 41, 1067-1077