solved I’m working on a social science writing question and need

I’m working on a social science writing question and need an explanation to help me study.

Share reflections, thoughts, or comments on E-lecture “Contemporary Challenges to Traditional Religion” . Should be 400 words 
E-Lecture: Contemporary Challenges to Traditional Religion
E-Lecture:  Contemporary Challenges to Traditional Religion: The Status and the Roles of Women – Relations Between Religion and the State
The Status and Rolls of Women 
It is important we understand the changing world around us, especially the rolls and status of women. With the ever-changing rules and roles for women, women are now able to take part in different activities, which at one time women may not have been allowed to participate in or been prohibited to do. There is still a lot of work to do, however, in order to include women more fully in all aspects of public life.
Hinduism
Laws of Manu-  In childhood a female must be subject to her father, in youth to her husband, when her lord is dead, to her sons; a woman must never be independent. In certain periods and times upper caste women were honored, depending on their duty. For most women in Hinduism their religious life centers on domestic duties that represent a “good Hindu wife.” There are a few practices that mark the lesser and more subservient status of Hindu women. For instance, a man had the right to select a girl as young as the age eleven to be his wife. Another would be a custom the Hindus referred to as Purdah or “veil or curtain,” which involved the complete isolation of a woman “secluded in a room or separate house.” This isolation is done during menstruation and after child birth, when a woman is considered to be dirty. This isolation can last up to forty days. Then the woman is allowed to return home after a ritual bath is taken and resume normal activity. Widow Hindu women must be able to be distinguished, so they must wear white rather than colored clothes and fine jewelry. In the high caste families, widowed women will undergo the shaving of the head. Although Hindu women not had equality with men, changes have occurred in government with Indira Gandhi as Prime Minister.
Buddhism
Buddhist women may not have started out with the highest respect but eventually (over a small period of time) Buddha realized women were just as capable as men in reaching high levels of spiritual insight, including that of an Arhat, which is the ideal of spiritual perfection. In Mahayana Buddhist text women were spoken of highly and sometimes regarded to as heroes, Bodhisattvas and saviors. Mahayana women are encouraged to take on the Bodhisattvas vow of compassion, as are men. The status of Buddhist women is still mixed today since the male’s monastic traditions are so powerful.
Modern Christianity
Contemporary Christian women experience their religion as shaped by patriarchal culture.  A critique of their place as “helpmeet” within their tradition started in the 19th century, by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and has continued until current times.  Christian feminists seek women to be valued equally by leadership in Christian traditions.  The idea that God is male is problematic for Christian feminists (as it is for Muslim and Jewish feminists).  When God is male, men have a tendency to develop androcentric, or male centered, worldview, which needs to be challenged. 
Islam
Women in Islam were initially treated with respect but after the death of Muhammad’s first wife, gradually the egalitarian view between women and men faded and laws against women were enacted. The Infallible Law, which states the practice of seclusion, polygamy, easy divorce for men, concubinage (living with a man though not married), female slavery, and the harem became traditional; this led to the degradation of women. In the 19th century the rights of Muslim women became an issue.  Schools for women and girls were built and they were encouraged to get a better education.  Islamic feminists fight for the rights and equality of all women and some changes are happening. A re-reading of the Qur’an is needed, according to some Muslim feminists, in order to replace patriarchal notions that may not be accurate to Mohammad’s intentions.  
Relations between Religion and the State
“Voting, paying taxes (for example for military armaments), holding office, taking oaths of allegiance, and serving in the military are viewed as compromises inconsistent with loyalty to the Christian life. This has, at times, resulted in a position of radical separation and even hostility toward the state (Livingston 374).”
Some Types of Relationships between Religion and State
           Theocracy
Theocratic: Of or under a theocracy- the rule of a state or a society by God or by priests or Gods representatives who claim to rule by divine authority.
The State Church
A state is not a neutral, secular institution; that religion is, or should be, the spiritual organ of the nation or community; and that a particular religion should have a legal or constitutional status in state.
The Concept of the “Two Kingdoms”
The teachings of the two kingdoms are prominent in the teachings of German Protestant Reformed Martian Luther. It basically asks can or should one hold two separate loyalties, one to religion and one to the state?
The Roman Catholic Position
The Roman Catholic position on State and Church holds three primary principals. Number one, the ecclesial authority is distinct from the civil authority, each being free to carry out its special mission. Second, for the well being of humans and society it is important that there be harmony and cooperation between the church and the state.  Third, in matters pertaining to both institutions, the power of the civil authority must be subordinate to the guardianship of the spiritual authority.
The Roman Catholic church conceives of herself… as having and end (spiritual) more important for man than any purely human organization (the state)… Therefore, the state and the end it serves is subordinate to the spiritual order… The principle is not abrogated by the difficulty of its application (Livingston 379).
The “Culture Wars” in the United States: Discord over relations between Church and State  
Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence wrote: “No man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place or ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested, or burdened in his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or beliefs, but that all men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain their opinions in matters of religion.