solved short answer See syllabus for assigned reading chaptersObjectives:Nervous System (Intracrania

short answer See syllabus for assigned reading chaptersObjectives:Nervous System (Intracranial regulation: mental health)For each of the listed drug categories apply critical analysis (assessment/evaluation) to determine appropriate collaborative communication to promote optimum client outcome.Apply the QSEN competencies associated with patient centered care and safety to the nurses role as it relates to pharmacotherapeutics.Categorize drugs used to in the management of mental health issues based on their drug classifications and mechanisms of action.Determine effective treatment(s) to address neurogenic chemical imbalances that incorporate client values, preferences and expressed needs.Sensory PerceptionAnxiolytic and Hypnotic drugsIdentify the main central nervous system drugs used in the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. Define the mechanism of action of the main central nervous system drugs used in the treatment of anxiety and insomnia.Describe the important adverse effects associated with antianxiety and hypnotic (insomnia) drugs.Discuss client education associated with the administration of antianxiolytics and hypnotic drugs.For each of the drug categories a identify key drugs associated to them.Differentiate among drugs used for depression.Discuss the adverse effects of antidepressant drugs.Identify the principal drugs used for bipolar (manic) disorders.Discuss the adverse effects of drugs used to treat bipolar disorders.Describe the physiological problems that significantly affect lithium levels.Identify pediatric and geriatric nursing considerations related to psychotherapeutic agents.Identify pertinent nursing considerations related to patient assessment, implementation and Mood and Behavioral modifiersDifferentiate among drugs used for depression.Discuss the adverse effects of antidepressant drugs.Identify the principal drugs used for bipolar (manic) disorders.Discuss the adverse effects of drugs used to treat bipolar disorders.Describe the physiological problems that significantly affect lithium levels.Identify pediatric and geriatric nursing considerations related to psychotherapeutic agents.Identify pertinent nursing considerations related to patient assessment, implementation and evaluation.Psychotherapeutic DrugsDifferentiate between high and low potency atypical antipsychotic drugs.Identify the three classes of drugs typically used to treat acute psychotic events.Describe the adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs.Identify pertinent nursing considerations related to patient assessment, implementation and evaluation.Objectives:Sensory Perception con’tDrugs for EpilepsyDifferentiate between various types of seizures.Discuss the goal of treating epilepsy.Describe the mechanisms by which antiseizure medications act.Discuss the management of seizures during pregnancy.Identify the treatment of status epilepticus.Describe appropriate assessments that coincide with administration of these drugsDetermine appropriate client education related to this drug categoryAnesthetics, Neuromuscular Blocking Agents and Ganglionic Blocking AgentsDifferentiate between general anesthesia, local anesthesia and conscious sedation.Identify the most common adverse effects associated with general anesthesia.Discuss the nursing care of persons receiving neuromuscular blocking agents.Discuss the pharmacodynamics of Lidocaine.Contrast and compare nursing considerations related to general, local anesthesia and conscious sedation.Mood and AffectDrugs for Parkinson’s DiseaseDiscuss the drug therapy of Parkinson’s disease.Define the mechanism of action for these drugs.Identify the most common adverse effects associated with Parkinsonian drugsIdentify the rationale of administering9 Levodopa with Carbidopa.Describe appropriate assessments that coincide with administration of these drugsDetermine appropriate client education related to this drug categoryDrugs for Alzheimer’s DiseaseIdentify pathophysiology associated with Alzheimer’s diseaseReview the role of cholinesterase Inhibitors in the TX of Alzheimer’s diseaseIdentify the most common adverse effects associated with Alzheimer treatment drugsDescribe appropriate assessments that coincide with administration of these drugsDetermine appropriate client education related to this drug categoryPain and ComfortMuscle RelaxantsDescribe the uses of muscle relaxants.Define the mechanism of action for key drugs in this classification.Identify the most common adverse effects associated with muscle relaxantsDescribe appropriate assessments that coincide with administration of these drugsDetermine appropriate client education related to this drug category.Objectives: GI SystemEliminationAcid controlling drugsDescribe the factors that contribute to GERD/peptic ulcer disease (PUD).Discuss the role of medication in the treatment of GERD/peptic ulcer disease (PUD).Identify the role & action of H2 receptor antagonists in the treatment of GERD/ PUD.Identify the role & function of proton pump inhibitors.Differentiate between the onset of action of acid neutralization drugs.Laxatives/ Antidiarrheal’sDescribe the uses of laxatives.Differentiate among the different types of laxatives.Discuss treatment modalities for diarrhea.Define the mechanism of action, uses, adverse effects, nursing consideration and pt. education.Antiemetic drugsIdentify important drugs used in the treatment of Glaucoma and explain their Developing mechanism of action and adverse effects.Determine appropriate routes of administration.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.Discuss the nurse’s role and nursing process in the administration of coagulation modifying agents.Objectives:Fluids and ElectrolytesPotassiumDiscuss electrolyte replacement and its relationship to toxicity of other drugs.Identify the nurse’s role and responsibility in the administration of IV potassium.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.Acid/Base balanceIdentify pathophysiologic process in which acid/base imbalances would require pharmaceutical intervention.Review the risks and benefits of sodium bicarbonate administrationDiscuss nursing process and corresponding assessment required with administration.PerfusionDiureticsIdentify the major disease processes for which diuretics are utilized.Discuss routes of administration in relationship to acute and chronic careIdentify key drugs associated with lipid lowering drugs and explain their primary actions and important adverse effects.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category. Objectives: Endocrine systemFor each of the listed drug categories apply critical analysis (assessment/evaluation) to determine appropriate collaborative communication to promote optimum client outcome.Apply the QSEN competencies associated with patient centered care and safety to the nurses role as it relates to the pharmacotherapeutics for these drugs.Categorize drugs used to in the management of endocrine dysfunction based on their drug classifications and mechanisms of action.Integrate life span considerations into the plan of care.MetabolismDiabetic agentsCompare and contrast the pathophysiologic aspects of type 1 & type 2 diabetes and the treatments associated with each.Identify the effects of insulin and the corresponding nursing assessment.Differentiate the treatment of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.Compare and contrast the drug classifications used to treat type 2 diabetes.Discuss the adverse effects of hyperglycemia agents.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.Acid/Base BalanceDescribe the pathophysiology of ketoacidosis and its related treatment.Identify key nursing processes and corresponding physiologic diagnostics necessary in the care of the ketoacidotic client.Thyroid disease agentsDifferentiate between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.Discuss treatment modalities to treat hyperthyroidism.Identify the pharmacological treatment of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.Discuss the adverse effects of thyroid disease agents.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.Hypothalamic, Adrenal and Pituitary agentsDiscuss treatment modalities related to Growth hormone deficiency, Diabetes Insipidus, Addison’s and Cushing’s disease.Identify key drugs associated with endocrine treatment and explain their primary actions and important adverse effects.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.Objectives:Immune systemFor each of the listed drug categories apply critical analysis (assessment/evaluation) to determine appropriate collaborative communication to promote optimum client outcome.Apply the QSEN competencies associated with patient centered care and safety to the nurses role as it relates to the pharmacotherapeutics for these drugs.Categorize drugs used to in the management of infection based on their drug classifications and mechanisms of action.Integrate life span considerations into the plan of care.Immunity ImmunizationsCompare and contrast active VS passive immunity.Identify current requirements for immunizations for the pediatric population.Identify immunizations that require re-immunization.Discuss the purpose of Hep B immunizations and time frame of administration.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.InfectionAntibioticsDiscuss the role of narrow and broad spectrum antibiotics.Differentiate between bactericidal and bacteriostatic drugs.Discuss mechanisms of resistance.Discuss the misuse of antibiotics.Compare prophylactic use to acute use.Explain the use of culture and sensitivity in relationship to antibiotic administration and monitoringFor each of the antibiotic classifications identify key drugs associated with them and explain their primary actions and important adverse effects.State three aspects of patient education that applies to all antibiotic administration.Otic & Eye medicationsDiscuss the different treatment modalities related to infections of the eye and ear.Define the GlaucomaIdentify important drugs used in the treatment of Glaucoma and explain their Developing mechanism of action and adverse effects.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.Objectives:Antivirals, Antifungal and Anti-parasitic agentsIdentify the difference in treatment of viral infections from that of bacterial infections.Compare prophylactic use to acute use of antiviral/antifungal/anti-parasitic agents.For each of the antiviral/antifungal/anti-parasitic classifications identify key drugs associated with them and explain their primary actions and important adverse effects.Determine appropriate client education related to these drug categories HIV agentsDiscuss the therapeutic management of HIV through the use of pharmaceutical agents.Identify pertinent nursing processes needed in the care of HIV patients as they relate to drug management.Define HAART and explain why it is commonly used in the treatment of HIV.Identify key drugs associated with HIV drugs and explain their primary actions and important adverse effects.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.Integument agentsDescribe evidence based treatments associated with integument disease processesIdentify pertinent adverse effects that occur through the use these drugs.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.Objective:Respiratory SystemFor each of the listed drug categories apply critical analysis (assessment/evaluation) to determine appropriate collaborative communication to promote optimum client outcome.Apply the QSEN competencies associated with patient centered care and safety to the nurses role as it relates to the pharmacotherapeutics for these drugs.Categorize drugs used to in the management of respiratory disease based on their drug classifications and mechanisms of action.Integrate life span considerations into the plan of care.OxygenationAntihistamines and cold preparationsDifferentiate between first and second-generation antihistamines.Compare and contrast H1 antagonists and H2 antagonists.Describe the treatment of colds.Compare opioid and non-opioid antitussives.Discuss the treatment of allergic rhinitis.Discuss the administration of decongestants and their contraindications.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.Asthma/COPD treatmentDescribe the different types of medications used to treat asthma.Discuss the adverse effects of beta2 agonists and glucocorticoids in the treatment of asthma.Discuss the different methods of administering medications for asthma.Describe the nurse’s role in caring for asthmatic patients.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.Cardiovascular systemFor each of the listed drug categories apply critical analysis (assessment/evaluation) to determine appropriate collaborative communication to promote optimum client outcome.Apply the QSEN competencies associated with patient centered care and safety to the nurses role as it relates to the pharmacotherapeutics for these drugs.Categorize drugs used to in the management of cardiovascular disease based on their drug classifications and mechanisms of action.Integrate life span considerations into the plan of care.PerfusionCardiac medicationsCholesterol lowering medicationsIdentify therapeutic lifestyle factors that affect cholesterol.Identify four nonpharmacological methods to lower cholesterol levelsIdentify key drugs associated with lipid lowering drugs and explain their primary actions and important adverse effectsDetermine appropriate client education related to this drug categoryCongestive Heart Failure (CHF) 1. Define congestive heart failure 2. List the three major classes of drugs used for the treatment of heart failure. 3. Identify key CHF drugs with their corresponding classifications and explain their primary actions and important adverse effects. 4. Discuss nursing process and corresponding assessment required with administration. 5. Determine appropriate client education related to this drug categoryHypertensive MedicationsDefine hypertensionDescribe the pathophysiologic response to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.Describe the use of angiotensin II receptor antagonists.Discuss the therapeutic role of calcium channel blockers.Differentiate among vasodilators that are selective for arterioles, veins and both.Identify cultural implications in the treatment of hypertension.Describe the uses of vasodilators and their mechanism of action.Identify key hypertensive drugs with their corresponding classifications and explain their primary actions and important adverse effects.Discuss nursing process and corresponding assessment required with administration.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.Objectives: Perfusion con’tDrugs affecting the autonomic nervous systemDifferentiate between Cholinergic and Adrenergic drugsIdentify the role of neurotransmitters in the use of drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.Identify key cholinergic (indirect and direct acting) and adrenergic drugs and explain their primary actions and important adverse effects.Distinguish between alpha-adrenergic antagonists and beta-adrenergic antagonists.Discuss the therapeutic uses of alpha antagonists & beta antagonists.Explain the significant adverse effects of adrenergic antagonists.Identify the differences between non-selective & cardioselective Beta antagonists.Discuss nursing process and corresponding assessment required with administration.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.Anginal agentsDescribe the pathophysiology of anginaDifferentiate the different forms drug therapies utilized for of angina pectoris.Identify key anginal drugs with their corresponding classifications and explain their primary actions and important adverse effects.Identify evidenced based treatment of an acute myocardial infarctionDiscuss nursing process and corresponding assessment required with administration.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug categoryDysrhythmia agentsIdentify the different types of arrhythmia’s that can occurIdentify the different classes of antidysrhythmics.Describe the use of these types of medication in acute and maintenance careIdentify key drugs used in the treatment of shock/anaphylaxis with their corresponding classifications and explain their primary actions and important adverse effectsDiscuss nursing process and corresponding assessment required with administration.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug categoryObjectives: Perfusion con’tShock and AnaphylaxisDifferentiate between shock and anaphylaxisCompare and contrast the different types of shockDescribe the chemical differences of IV solutions.Differentiate between the terms isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonicIdentify the indications for the use of vasoconstrictors and inotropic drugsIdentify key drugs used in the treatment of shock/anaphylaxis with their corresponding classifications and explain their primary actions and important adverse effectsDiscuss nursing process and corresponding assessment required with administration.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug categoryCellular regulationChemotherapeuticsDescribe the concept of treatment related to growth fraction.Discuss how chemotherapeutic agents are used to promote optimal killing of cancer cells.Differentiate between toxicity for normal cells and cancer cells.Discuss the adverse effects of cancer chemotherapyDetermine appropriate client education related to this drug categoryHemolytic and Hematologic agentsCompare and contrast anticoagulants, thrombolytics, antiplatelets, and antifibrinolytics.Differentiate between heparin and warfarin with regards to route of administration, speed of action, lab monitoring, major adverse effect, and antidote.Compare the drug therapy used primarily to prevent venous thrombi with therapy to prevent arterial thrombi.Discuss the nurse’s role and nursing process in the administration of coagulation modifying agents.Categorize coagulation modifier drugs based upon classification and mechanisms of actionIdentify nursing’s role in assessment and evaluation of patients taking hematologic supplements.Discuss the uses of erythropoietin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug categoryObjectives:ReproductionEstrogens and Progestin’s, BCPState the indications for the use of estrogen’s and progestin’s.Contrast the benefits and adverse effects of exogenous estrogens and progestin’s.Define the physiologic action of estrogen.Define the physiologic effect of progestin’s.Discuss the benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy.Discuss the benefits and risks of birth control pills and alternative contraceptive devices (Today sponge, NuvaRing, Ortho Evra).Identify key drugs associated with female reproductive treatment and explain their primary actions and important adverse effects.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.Erectile Dysfunction/BPHReview pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction (ED) and BPHDiscuss PDE5 inhibitors used in the treatment of EDIdentify the risks and benefits of PDE5 inhibitorsIdentify patient education related to the use of PDE5 inhibitorsExplain the different treatment options available for BPHIdentify key drugs associated with male genitourinary treatment and explain their primary actions and important adverse effects.Determine appropriate client education related to this drug category.