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4—4
Architectural Studies  – Modern Architecture HistoryÂ
Assignment 4: Â
Chapters:Â
1. Second Modernism + Radical Avant Gardes: Redefinitions, Techno-utopias, and Social Turmoil. Brutalism. Space AgeÂ
Instructions:Â
1. Awnser 4 out of 5 Questions: Research the web, as well printed material, including the Provided Textbook.Â
2. TEXTBOOK: Modern Architecture since 1900
Questions:Â
1.  Describe and Illustrate 4 characteristics of Brutalism  Â
-Reference:Â
RAW MATERIALS (MOST COMMONLY CONCRETE)
     -BOLD, EXPRESSIVE GEOMETRIES
     -MASS FORM (OFTEN MEGA-STRUCTURES)
      -STRUCTURAL AUDACITYÂ
      -MODULARITY
     -INTERIOR SPATIALITY : CAVERNOUS, MULTI-LEVEL SPATIAL INTERPENETRATIONSÂ
     -CONCEALED OPENINGS, DAY LIGHTING FROM ABOVE Â
2. Â Name 3 important Brutalist Architects and their works in the U.S. Describe
-Reference: Â
    -Paul Rudolph: Burroughs-Wellcome HQ NC, Tracey Towers, Bronx NYC, Art & Arch Building, Yale
     -Marcel Breuer: Whitney Museum, NYC,  Pirelli Tire Building, New Haven CTÂ
    -William Pereira: Geisel Library UCSD La Jolla
    -Kalman McKinnell:  City Hall, Boston MA
    -Eero Saarinen:  War Memorial Center. Milwaukee CT.????
3.  Describe the main relationship between form and function in Archigram’s Plugin City . (Curtis CH. 29) Â
-Reference:Â
– “ …the Plug-in City. This contained no buildings in the traditional sense, but “frameworks†into which standardized components could be slotted. Functions were not fulfilled by forms any longer, but by mechanical and electronic “servicesâ€.† Â
4.  Provide one way in which Plug-in City references Constant’s New Babylon and one way in which they differ.  Â
-Reference: Â
-Mega-structures, frameworks with no defined form or center, adaptable, flexible. Â Built for a nomadic lifestyle. Difference: Â New Babylon proposes a world outside the logic of capitalism, and of the current world order. Â Archigram works within the consumer logic of late capitalism. Â
5. What is a Mega-Structure? Illustrate with an (awesome) example.
-Reference:Â
– A very large building, self-sustaining, and which contains functions and programs that allow it to be self-contained. A city-in-a-building.
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5—5
Architectural Studies  – Modern Architecture HistoryÂ
Assignment 5: Â Post ModernismÂ
Chapters: Post Modernism
1. Â Post Modernism Pt. 1: Memory + Contextualisms :New architectures in old contexts, and the metaphysics of ArchitectureÂ
2. Post Modernism Pt. 2: “PoMoâ€: Swapping identities, cosplay, and the apogee of corporate architectureÂ
3. Deconstructionism + Phenomenology + High Tech Theorization of form, and high complexitiesÂ
Instructions:Â
1. Awnser 4 out of 5 Questions: Research the web, as well printed material, including the Provided Textbook.Â
Â
Questions:Â
1. Postmodernism in architecture and design was the manifestation of shifting cultural forces.Â
-Describe three shifts in perception, values, or cultural priorities that caused or affected those changes. Â Â
2. How would you explain ‘presentness’, as argued by Peter Eisenman in “My Ideology is Better than Yoursâ€? Â
-Provide one example. Â Â
3. Name three key PoMo architects, and one emblematic PoMo work, for each.
-Provide a minimum of insight about the importance of the selected works. Illustrate. Â Â
4. Â Is PoMo historicism the same as the search for memory and meaning?Â
-Briefly explain why. Â Â
5. Â What is the main difference between Deconstructivism and Constructivism? Â Â Â Â
-Name ONE Decon architect, and an emblematic work by them. Illustrate.
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6—6
Architectural Studies  – Modern Architecture HistoryÂ
Assignment 6: Â
Chapters:Â
1. Dutch Avant Garde:Programmism, Projective Practices, and the Second Modernity of Dutch ArchitectureÂ
2. Digital and Computational Architecture: Blobs to Parametricism to Genetic AlgorithmsÂ
Instructions:Â
1. Awnser 4 out of 5 Questions: Research the web, as well printed material, including the Provided Textbook.Â
2. TEXTBOOK: Modern Architecture since 1900
Â
Questions:Â
1. Why is the 1990’s period considered the Second Modernity of Dutch Architecture? When was the first?  Â
2.  According to Lootsma, what was the position of these architects towards Architecture’s autonomy?  Â
3. Â Name 3 Dutch Avant-garde architects or designers relevant at the time, and one work by each. Â Â
4. Â Name one important contribution of OMA/Rem Koolhaas to architecture; one invention or innovation. ?Briefly explain it. Â Â
5. Â Why is the Dutch culture so familiar with abstraction? Is it something in their environment? Provide one reason.