solved Discussion RequirementsA substantive comment should be approximately 300 words or

Discussion RequirementsA substantive comment should be approximately 300 words or more for each of the responses (2 TOTAL).Read the initial comments posted by your classmates and reflect upon them.Before writing your comments:Review the Discussion grading rubric to see what is expected for an excellent discussion, in order to earn full credit.Review some resources to help you synthesize, such as the following:Sullivan, J. (2011). Strategies for Synthesis Writing. Retrieved from http://www.findingdulcinea.com/features/edu/Strategies-for-Synthesis-Writing.htmlNOTE: You are required to cite sources and include a reference list for the second post if it is simply your opinion. However, if your opinion is based on facts (as it should be), it is good practice to strengthen your position by citing sources.Be sure to meet all of the criteria in the rubric, as noted in the instructions above.Third post for each module discussion:Read the initial and secondary comments posted by your classmates and reflect upon them.Directly respond to at least one classmate in a way that extends meaningful discussions, adds new information, and/or offers alternative perspectives.MY DISCUSSION (DO NOT RESPOND TO THIS POST PLEASE)(DO NOT RESPOND TO THIS POST PLEASE)(DO NOT RESPOND TO THIS POST PLEASE)(DO NOT RESPOND TO THIS POST PLEASE)Classmates and Professor,Factors That Must Be Considered When Placing a PODPoints of distribution (POD) are locations where the public converges to get supplies in the event of a disaster. The supplies collected in POD include food and water, medical facilities, and other necessities to keep people surviving. PODs are a fundamental aspect of humanitarian service assistance when there are emergencies or disasters (Balcik & Beamon, 2008). However, there are different challenges with PODs due to the allocation of resources available in times of emergencies. Below are factors that the Department of Health and Public Safety consider when placing point of distribution (POD).Availability of ResourcesPlacing the point of distribution (POD) calls for an allocation of a huge amount of money or resources. It is important to consider the cost involved in constructing PODs, the cost of hiring the staff to ensure that the establishment is running effectively (Loree & Aros-Vera, 2018). Although in most cases, volunteers come to POD to help work as staff, it is not always a guarantee; thus, resources should be an important consideration for starting and running a POD.NeighborhoodsIn placing the point of distribution (POD), it is important to consider the neighborhoods or the surrounding community. It is important to collaborate with the local neighborhoods, private sector, non-profit, and local emergency organizations to help in the establishment of the PODs. Working with the neighborhood will help mitigate risks, provide necessities such as food and water in the event of an emergency assist in distributing supplies, and support survivors in the community during the disaster (Balcik & Beamon, 2008). Involving the neighborhoods when placing a POD will be crucial in re-establishing good supply chains and minimizing the need for relief in the supply chains.AccessibilityIn placing the Points of Distribution, it is important to consider the accessibility by people coming for the supplies. Expanding POD access is crucial in enabling many people in need to get to the location. Improving the accessibility to PODs will maximize distribution efforts and make the supplies easily accessible by people. In enhancing the accessibility of PODs, it would be necessary for the Department of Health and Public Safety to place PODs in community centers, stadiums, pharmacies, parking spaces, and convention centers (Loree & Aros-Vera, 2018). Finally, POD should be placed near public means of transport station or hub to enhance accessibility.PedroReferences:Balcik, B., & Beamon, B. M. (2008, April). Facility Location in Humanitarian Relief. International Journal of Logistics, 11(2), 101-121.Loree , N., & Aros-Vera, F. (2018, August). Points of distribution location and inventory management model for Post-Disaster Humanitarian Logistics. Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review(116), 1-24.RESPONSE 1Classmate and Professor,Points of Dispensing (PODs) implementation can be designed to accommodate a national standard. A national standard for implementing POD would represent a consensus that would aid in the effective response to medical emergencies. This defines the rules and voluntary characteristics that would be undertaken in dispensing. Beck et al. (2017) explain that national standards for PODs implementation are based on concrete benchmarks that use collective knowledge on medical emergency and terrorist attack responses using medical or non-medical methods. In this view, standardization fosters the development of better and more effective PODs for the nation. Standardization of PODs implementation brings about innovation by providing reliable data and structured methods that effectively save time in emergency responses. This is also effective because it eases disseminating knowledge and groundbreaking ideas concerning the response methods. Essentially, national standards for PODs implementation is an indispensable tool for health emergency responses because it enhances the creation of trust in processes and systems laid out for emergencies. Creating national standards for PODs implementation may help develop operational plans aimed at dispensing mass vaccination and prophylactic antibiotics for a target population.POD plans agree that dispensing sites need to be established in places where there are an average population density and places that are accessible and familiar to the residents. According to Khan & Richter (2012), the dispensing sites for LHD and FOG plans should be located in places such as playing grounds, schools, and community centers that offer advantages such as proper security, sufficient space, and great climate. LHD and FOG are similar in that they argue that dispensing sites should not be in health centers because this is likely to prevent medical personnel from carrying out their regular duties due to the current pandemic. Respectfully,OmarReference:Beck, A. J., Leider, J. P., Coronado, F., & Harper, E. (2017). State health agency and local health department workforce: identifying top development needs. American journal of public health, 107(9), 1418-1424. Khan, S., & Richter, A. (2012). Dispensing mass prophylaxis? The search for the perfect solution. Homeland Security Affairs, 8(1).RESPONSE 2Good evening,In the event of an incident that involves a potential biohazard the community or city can activate a Point of Dispensing (POD) to treat that local population. A POD is designated point in a city or community that is large open space located in doors that can accommodate a high volume of people. PODs are designed to administer Medical Counter Measures (MCM) to a community or city to counter act a public health emergency what the CDC calls a Mass prophylaxis. Mass prophylaxis as identified by the Alabama public health system as “the capability to protect the health of the population through the administration of critical interventions in response to a public health emergency.” (2019, p.4) There are two different types of PODs that can be activated, Open and Closed PODS. An Open POD is available to the general public and is set up in centralized location with open indoor space to accommodate numerous people, for example a sports stadium, school gym, or recreation center. The general public will be filed through these locations to allow for the treatment of the community, it is recommended that communities be treated in 48 hours if possible, to increase the effectiveness of the treatment. A Closed POD is a POD that only treats a certain medical facility or predetermined parts of a community its members and family. This allows the Closed POD to take pressure off the Open PODs and allows certain medical facilities to remain operational.The PODs will operate with a command structure that consists of leadership, security elements, and volunteers. These volunteers will most likely not be medically qualified but will be given on-site training on how to follow predetermined criteria that will allow them to provide the correct medication to the correct patient. The CDC’s POD Standards outlines in appendix I standard 3.3 that core staff will have to provide plans to train volunteers to fully operate the POD. (2008, p. 26) The MCMs used at Open and Closed POD will come directly from the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS). The SNS has the ability to store, transport, and obtain further medications if necessary. The SNS also has a tracking system for their MCMs to allow for better distribution in the event of a public health emergency.NoskaReferencesAlabama Department of Public Health, (2019). Becoming A Closed POD, p. 4. Retrieved from https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/cep/assets/adp…Center for Disease Control, (2008). Point of Dispensing (POD) Standards, p. 26. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/documents/coopagreement-ar… _________________________________________________________________________________________________Module 4 – BackgroundPOINTS OF DISTRIBUTION (PODS) AND THE STRATEGIC NATIONAL STOCKPILERequired ReadingAlameda County. (2012). Points of dispensing: Just in time training videos 1-10. Retrieved from http://www.acphd.org/phep/podtraining.aspxCarbon County Public Health (2014) Point of dispensing operations. Retrieved from DHHS (n.d). BARDA strategic plan: 2011-1016. Retrieved from https://www.phe.gov/about/barda/Documents/barda-st…FEMA (2016) Emergency Support Function (ESF) #8, National Response Framework. (read Coordination for obtaining, assembling, and delivering medical equipment and supplies to the incident area.) Retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1470149644…Hernandez, I., Ramirez-Marquez, J.E., Starr, D., McKay, R., Guthartz, S., . . . Barcellona, J. (2015). Optimal staffing strategies for points of dispensing. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 83, 172-183. Available at Trident Online Library.Khan, S. & Richter, A. (2012). Dispensing mass prophylaxis — The search for the perfect solution. Homeland Security Affairs 8(3). Retrieved from https://www.hsaj.org/articles/206Oregon Public Health Division (2012) Mass prophylaxis point of dispensing (POD) field operation guide. Retrieved from https://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/PREPAREDNESS/PARTNER…Paul, J. A., & Hariharan, G. (2012). Location-allocation planning of stockpiles for effective disaster mitigation. Annals of Operations Research, 196(1) 469-490. Available at Trident Online Library.Potter, M.A., Brown, S.T., Lee, B.Y., Grefenstette, J., Keane, C.R., Lin, C.J., . . .Burke, D.S. (2012). Preparedness for pandemics: Does variation among states affect the nation as a whole? Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 18(3), 233-240. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC37582… . Read “Discussions and Limitations” and “Conclusions.”Rebman, T., Loux, T.M., Zink, T.K., Swick, Z., & Wakefield, M.(2015). Infection prevention and mass vaccination training for U.S. point of dispensing staff and volunteers: A national study. American Journal of Infection Control, 43, 222-227. Available at Trident Online Library.Required WebsitesCDC 12 Hour Push Package. https://www.cdc.gov/phpr/stockpile/pushpackage.htmCDC Strategic National Stockpile. https://www.cdc.gov/phpr/stockpile/index.htmGovernment Response to Coronavirus, COVID-19. https://www.usa.gov/coronavirus