solved Griselda VRE: Unit 2.1 DB: Research ArticleGood evening Professor and

Griselda VRE: Unit 2.1 DB: Research ArticleGood evening Professor and classmates, This student developed an interest in further studying the effects of traumatic experiences after her husband was diagnosed with severe Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), something he has struggled with since childhood and later, in the military. Individuals who have experienced traumatic experiences are affected in many aspects of their lives. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (2014), traumas or traumatic experiences are events that leave lasting adverse effects, affecting one’s biological, psychological, social, emotional, and spiritual wellbeing. Trauma not only affects the individual but those in their immediate surroundings as well, such as family members and colleagues. For some individuals who struggle with trauma, communicating what they are experiencing or have experienced, or even seeking treatment, becomes almost impossible. This can occur when the individuals are depressed or battle with other PTSD symptoms. As everyone reacts and copes differently, one area that is oftentimes affected is their cognitive abilities, such as communication becoming impaired. The significance of this article and research in the area of trauma, and specifically, PTSD is to increase awareness and identify barriers for veterans who were referred specifically to evidence-based psychotherapy such as Cognitive Processing Therapy or Prolonged Exposure, but who did not attend (Hundt, Helm, Smith, Lamkin, Cully, and Stanley, 2017). Qualitative interviews were conducted in order to gain a better understanding of the experiences of these veterans. In these interviews, veterans reported numerous barriers to treatment engagement. These barriers were categorized into the following: practical, knowledge, emotional, therapy-related, and VA (Veterans Affairs) system-related (Hund et. Al., 2017). VA system-related barriers were the most endorsed category which consisted of delays, inefficiencies, negative experiences with staff or providers, discomfort within the VA environment, and lastly, difficulty in navigating the VA system (Hundt et. Al., 2017). While this article reports both positive and negative experiences with the VA, it places a higher emphasis on negative experiences, stating that some veterans according to the interview, would rather obtain services from the private sector.According to the article, some veterans suffering from PTSD express discomfort with the VA system with areas such as completing the intake assessment, obtaining an appointment with a primary care provider, requesting a mental health consultation, waiting for mental health assessments, to obtaining PTSD treatment and therapy (Hundt et. Al., 2017). However, it was also learned that delays in obtaining services with the VA were also in part due to individuals’ lack of awareness in knowing how to navigate the VA system (Hundt et. al., 2017). For instance, individuals with a lack of transportation were unaware that they are also able to obtain psychotherapy for PTSD at VA outpatient clients. Other veterans were not aware of telehealth appointments being an option, same-day access clinics, hours of service, or other ways of obtaining psychotherapy. Overall, this study suggests the need for additional resources for VA care navigation that would assist veterans including shortening the assessment process by breaking down the assessment process and providing clarity of how to obtain desired services. References Hundt, N.E., Helm, A., Smith, T.L., Lamkin, J., Cully, J.A., & Stanley, M.A. (2017). Failure to Engage: A Qualitative Study of Veterans Who Decline Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for PTSD. American Psychological Association. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/manuscript/2017-57286-001.pdfSAMHSA. (2014). SAMHSA’s Concept of Trauma and Guideline for a Trauma-Informed Approach. SAMHSA’s Trauma and Justice Strategic Initiative. Retrieved from https://ncsacw.samhsa.gov/userfiles/files/SAMHSA_T… Rebecca GRE: Unit 2.1 DB: Research ArticleThe five basic components of a literature review are that the review introduces the problem area, establishes its importance, provides an overview of relevant literature, shows how the current study will add knowledge in the area, and describes the researcher’s specific research questions, purpose, and hypotheses (Pyrczak, 2019). This writer was interested in the overuse of opiods in Veterans and how the become victims of addiction due to the overuse. The article chosen, Prescription opioid misuse and its correlates among veterans and military in the United States: A systematic literature review. This writer found that the prevalence of prescription opioid misuse (POM) that the prevalence of POM in veterans and military ranged from 6.9%–77.9% varying by study samples, individual POM behaviors, and recalled time periods (Tam, Zeng, & Li, 2020).The article by Tam, Zeng & Li (2020) has all the basic components of a literature, such that there is an introduction section that provides background about the implications of POM on Vets and what statistics were after the prescriptions were prescribed. The body of the article includes important statistics and other quantitative data that shows how many Vets are affected by the POM with other variables such as socio-demographic factors , pain-related factors , other physical factors, opioid-medication-related factors, behavioral factors such as substance use disorder, alcohol use, cigarette use, and other prescription drug use, and psychological factors. Tam, Zeng, & Li (2019) also elaborate and go on to explain POM was prevalent in veterans and military and could be potentially influenced by multiple psycho-behavioral factors. The hypothesize that many of the implications on mental health and that future research guided by a theoretical framework is warranted to examine psycho-behavioral influences on POM and their mechanisms and to inform effective psychosocial POM interventions in veterans and military.ReferencesPyrczak, F., & Tcherni-Buzzeo, M. (2019). Evaluating Research in Academic Journals.New York, NY: Routledge.Tam, h. C., Zeng, C., & Li, X. (2020). Prescription opioid misuse and its correlates among veterans and military. Science Direct, doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108311.Taylar FRE: Unit 2.2 DB: Analyzing Literature The article that this writer used for the first discussion board of this week does meet the literature review standards outlined in Pyrczack (2019). Pyrczak (2019) explores the quality of literature reviews by checking if the researcher has avoided using too many sources for one single point which rules out the chance of the researcher not having sufficient evidence to support their standpoint. The article this writer chose, writer by Panchel et. al (2021) meets the criteria, as most of the sources used were statistical polls and analysis of quantitative data pertaining to the topic of interest. Pyrczak (2019) then goes on to check if the literature review is critical and if current research is cited, which the article this writer used does. The article by Panchel et. al (2021) researched how mental health was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and did only utilize relevant and recent sources that supported their idea. Pyrczak (2019) also analyzes if the author has cited any contradictory research and have they distinguished between opinions and research findings, which is important in ensuring that the author has explored all ideas, even contradictory ones and understand if their findings support their argument. Panchel et. al (2021) do explore gaps in the literature, such that they include that the data found may not be completely accurate because not all Americans responded to surveys/ questionnaires, and many did not report any changes to mental health because they did not feel comfortable or seek treatment. Pyrczack (2019) also asks whether the researcher has interpreted research in light of the limits of empirical research and have they avoided the overuse of direct quotations from sources, which the article chosen meets these last two standards. In her future work, this writer will remain mindful of the eight important questions outlined by Pyrczak (2019). While all literature reviews may not meet the standards outlined, it’s important that authors of literature reviews do their best to meet the criteria.ReferencesPanchel, N., Kamal, R., Cox, C., and Garfield, R. (2021). The Implications of COVID-19 for Mental Health and Substance Abuse. KFF Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/the-implications-of-covid-19-for-mental-health-and-substance-use/Pyrczak, F. & Tcherni-Buzzeo, M. (2019). Evaluating research in academic journals: A practical guide to realistic evaluation (7th ed.). Pyrczak Publishing.Jasmine JRE: Unit 2.2 DB: Analyzing LiteratureBased upon this week’s reading, Pyrczack and Tcherni-Buzzeo (2019) has some questions about researchers having a critique literature review. It is important researchers understand those questions and why it is essential for them to apply it to the literature review. As this writer continues to expand her education and skills, she will be mindful of the information and questions Pyrczack and Tcherni-Buzzeo (2019) discussed and how to apply them when writing a literature review to ensure criteria is met. The article this writer chose to discuss involves mental illness and how it has affected youths since the discovery of the COVID-19 virus.According to Pyrczack and Tcherni-Buzzeo (2019), there is a criterion that must be met when establishing a literature and it is important that the researchers follow the criteria to ensure the readers are can fully understand the information being provided and the supported details. Pyrczack and Tcherni-Buzzeo (2019) expresses to his audience to have a professionally written literature review, researchers should avoid using too many sources as it takes away from the literature review; however, evidence to support the information being shared is important to cite. The article this writer has been sharing with the class meets these criteria because the researchers use statistical sources for the date collected from the individuals who participated in the questionnaires and assessments.This writer feels the article she chose is up to date and important to society. Researchers ensured to use sources that were beneficial to the topic being discussed. Quantitative and qualitative data was used accurately which allows the audience to receive a better understanding of how individuals, specifically youths, affected by the COVID-19 developed psychological distress. Liang et al. (2020) provides the audience with clear, supportive details by discussing the overview of the COVID-19 then proceeds to explaining how data is collected to determine the ratio of the amount of youths affected by this severe pandemic.This writer believes this article is beneficial for this line of work in the counseling and human services field because many youths are experiencing mental illness due to their environment and family. In addition, this article meets the standards of Pyrczak and Tcherni-Buzzeo (2019).Reference:Liang, L., Ren, H., Cao, R., Hu, Y., Qin, Z., Li, C., & Mei, S. (2020). The Effect of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health. Psychiatric Quarterly, 91(3), 841–852. https://doi-org.postu.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09744-3Pyrczak, F. & Tcherni-Buzzeo, M. (2019). Evaluating Research in Academic Journals: A Practical Guide to Realistic Evaluation (7th ed.). Pyrczak Publishing.Taylar FRE: Unit 2.3 DB: TerminologyIn the article this writer utilized written by Panchel et. al (2021), there is a methodology section which includes the population used to determine quantitative research, a sample size, and generalizability of the sample. While there was no one sample size of participants used to identify the ways in which COVID-19 impacted mental health, the US Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey, World Health Organization, CDC, and Health Tracking Polls were used to determine as close to exact statistics as possible. The population’s identified were US adults, young adults, adults experiencing job loss or income insecurity, essential workers of the pandemic, people of color, and parents and their children. Panchel et. al (2021) included statistics relating to each population identified and compared and contrasted, determining that all populations explored were negatively impacted mentally by the pandemic. The generalizability of the research can be applied to other populations, such as other individuals in different countries outside of the United States, because it’s likely that other individuals were similarly negatively impacted by the Coronavirus. Banerjee and Chaudhury (2010) do an excellent job defining the terms population and sample size and explaining their importance. The target population is the defined population of the area of research and the work population does not refer to a demographic meaning. For instance, the population of the research conducted by Panchel et. al (2021) was several groups of individuals who were all commonly experienced changes to their mental health from COVID-19. Banerjee and Chaudhury (2010) explain that the generalizability of observations/ research findings is a measure of how well the results of a study can be applied to a broader group of people or larger sample size. In the study conducted by Panchel et. al (2021), it can be argued that there is a lack of generalizability due to a lack of validity and reliability of data because the research findings were so broad. While data was based off of reports from the CDC and World Health Organization, it’s important to understand that not all Americans may have answered surveys and questionnaires or even reported changes to their mental health during the pandemic.ReferencesBanerjee, A., & Chaudhury, S. (2010). Statistics without tears: Populations and samples. Industrial psychiatry journal, 19(1), 60.Panchel, N., Kamal, R., Cox, C., and Garfield, R. (2021). The Implications of COVID-19 for Mental Health and Substance Abuse. KFF Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/the-implications-of-covid-19-for-mental-health-and-substance-use/Jasmine JRE: Unit 2.3 DB: TerminologyIn the article this writer has shared with the class written by Liang et al. (2020) contains a methodology section for its audience. Liang et al. (2020) states the population, sample size, and generalizability used for this study. As stated in the initial post, this was a cross-sectional survey. Liang et al., (2020) provided quantitative and qualitative research with statistics and numbers as well as developing surveys with open-ended questions and scaling relating to the topic of this case study. The goal of mixed methods is not to replace quantitative or qualitative approaches, but to draw from their strengths and minimize their limitations (Kuada, 2012).The participants of this survey were mainly young people aged from 14 to 35 years old (Liang et al., 2020) A total of 610 questionnaires were completed; however, only a total of 584 were valid resulting in a rate of 95.7% (Liang et al., 2020). In this article, Liang et al., (2020) provided a characteristic of the participants specifying 77.9% of the participants had a bachelor’s degree, 13.5% had a master’s degree or above, 30.1% of the participants had full knowledge of the COVID-19, 6.5% of the participants lacked knowledge of the COVID-19, and 5.0% of the participants did not fully understand that psychological balance can improve immunity. The generalizability of this article specifies that this study is not only directed to individuals in the United States, but also in the areas outside of the United States such as individuals residing in China who was also affected and developed mental illnesses. Not only does this article provide statistics to people who are curious about what is going on in the world, but it also has a relation to the human services field. As a counselor, this writer has learned many individuals, including adults and children, lack the services they can receive by not wanting to face reality. These individuals have some type of awareness of new behavior changes and patterns but are afraid to seek help because of interpersonal issues or begin judged. This writer is here to inform all people who are suffering from a mental illness to obtain the help they need to remain positive and enjoy life.Reference:Kuada, J. E. (2012). Research Methodology: A Project Guide for University Students: Vol. 1st edition. Samfundslitteratur Press.Liang, L., Ren, H., Cao, R., Hu, Y., Qin, Z., Li, C., & Mei, S. (2020). The Effect of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health. Psychiatric Quarterly, 91(3), 841–852. https://doi-org.postu.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09744-3