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Question 14 PointsVenus has a thicker atmosphere than Earth.TrueFalseQuestion 24 PointsWhy is Venus so much hotter than the Earth?because it is closer to the Sunbecause it rotates backwards compared to its orbital rotationbecause its clouds have a very high reflectivitybecause it has much more carbon dioxide in its atmosphereQuestion 34 PointsImpacts were extremely common in the young solar system but are less common today.TrueFalseQuestion 44 PointsWhat do we mean by accretion in the context of planet formation?the growth of the Sun as the density of gas increased in the center of the solar nebulathe solidification of ices, rocks, and metal from the gas of the solar nebularthe growth of planetesimals from smaller solid particles that collided and stuck togetherthe formation of moons around planetsQuestion 54 PointsWhat is the giant impact hypothesis for the origin of the Moon?The Moon formed just like the Earth, from accretion in the solar nebula.The Moon formed from material blasted out of the Earth’s mantle and crust by the impact of a Mars-size object.The Moon formed when two gigantic asteroids collided with one another.The Moon originally was about the same size as Earth, but a giant impact blasted most of it away so that it ended up much smaller than Earth.Question 64 PointsWhat percentage of the solar nebula’s mass consisted of hydrogen and helium gases?98 percent100 percent5 percent50 percent0.5 percentQuestion 74 PointsJupiter and the other gas giants formed close to the sun and migrated outward.TrueFalseQuestion 84 PointsFrom where did the oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere originate?outgassing from volcanoesatmospheric bombardmentoxidation of surface rocksphotosynthesis from plant life and single-celled organismschemical reactions between gas in the upper atmosphere and the solar windQuestion 94 PointsWhat is the importance of the carbon dioxide (CO2) cycle?It will prevent us from suffering any consequences from global warming.It allows for an ultraviolet-absorbing stratosphere.It regulates the carbon dioxide concentration of our atmosphere, keeping temperatures moderate.It makes the growth of continents possible.Question 104 PointsThe current atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide on Earth is at its highest in over a million years.TrueFalseQuestion 114 PointsWhere is most of the water on Mars?in its cloudsin deep underground depositsfrozen on the peaks of its tall volcanoesin its polar caps and subsurface ground icedistributed evenly throughout its atmosphereQuestion 124 PointsToday, Mars has virtually no magnetic field.TrueFalseQuestion 134 PointsWhy do we think Mercury has so many tremendous cliffs?They represent one of the greatest mysteries in the solar system, as no one has suggested a reasonable hypothesis for their formation.They probably formed when a series of large impacts hit Mercury one after the other.They were probably formed by tectonic stresses when the entire planet shrank as its core cooled.They are almost certainly volcanic in origin, carved by flowing lava.They were probably carved in Mercury’s early history by running water.Question 144 PointsWhich of the following worlds has the most substantial atmosphere?VenusMercuryMarsthe MoonEarthQuestion 154 PointsWhich of the following best describes convection?It is the process by which rocks sink in water.It is the process in which a liquid separates according to density, such as oil and water separating in a jar.It is the process in which bubbles of gas move upward through a liquid.It is the process in which warm material expands and rises while cool material contracts and falls.It is the process in which warm material gets even warmer and cool material gets even cooler.Question 164 PointsWhich of the following is the most basic definition of a greenhouse gas?a gas that absorbs infrared lighta gas that makes a planet much hotter than it would be otherwise, even in small amountsa gas that reflects a lot of sunlighta gas that keeps warms air from rising, and therefore warms the surfaceQuestion 174 PointsThe three principal sources of the internal heat of terrestrial planets areconduction, differentiation, and accretion.accretion, differentiation, and eruption.accretion, differentiation, and radioactivity.conduction, convection, and eruption.convection, differentiation, and eruption.Question 184 PointsEarth is the only planet in the solar system known to have plate tectonics.TrueFalseQuestion 194 PointsThe core, mantle, and crust of a planet are defined by differences in theirstrength.geological activity.density.temperature.Question 204 PointsThe planet closest in size to Earth isVenus.Mercury.Mars.Pluto.the Moon.Question 214 PointsWhich of the following lists the planets of our solar system in the correct order from closest to farthest from the Sun?Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, NeptuneMercury, Venus, Mars, Earth, Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune, UranusEarth, Mars, Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, NeptuneMercury, Earth, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, UranusQuestion 224 PointsThe planet in our solar system with the highest average surface temperature is ________.EarthMercuryVenusNeptuneQuestion 234 PointsWhich planet (besides Earth) has been visited by the largest number of robotic spacecraft?JupiterMarsSaturnVenusQuestion 244 PointsHow do scientists determine the age of the solar system?radiometric dating of the oldest Earth rocksradiometric dating of Moon rocksTheoretical calculations tell us how long it has taken the planets to evolve to their present forms.radiometric dating of meteoritesQuestion 254 PointsWhich jovian planet does not have rings?JupiterNeptuneUranusAll the jovian planets have rings.Mars