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Growth Problems Adolescence; Space Problems Reading Guide
Ch 11 (excerpts), Contemporary Orthodontics, 6th Ed, 2018
Define space available. 
Describe how to measure space available.
Define space required. 
Describe how to measure space required in the permanent dentition.
Describe how to measure space required in the mixed dentition.
Ensure that you understand the assumptions made about space analysis
Ch 12 (excerpts), Contemporary Orthodontics, 6th Ed, 2018
List two major symptoms of severe crowding in the mixed dentition.
Early arch expansion involves increasing space available.  Read the rest of the chapter to complete the following table, summarizing parameters for the possible methods.
Method of increasing space available
How much space can be gained?
How is it done?
What are some risks and limitations?
Maxillary expansion
Mandibular “expansion”
Advancement of incisors
Distalization of molars
Summarize the criteria for serial extraction
Summarize the teeth to be extracted in serial extraction and justify the timing of extraction