solved My notes:I am looking for a phd writer in law
My notes:I am looking for a phd writer in law who has an experience in dissertation.. Please if you have not written a PhD paper before please do not accept this prder.I am studying phd in law and my research topic is mechanism to combat Maritime terrorism in international law and Saudi Arabia.I wrote a research proposal and my supervisor said (your proposal that you wrote, is perhaps a little bit descriptive, and I wanted to make it a bit more theoretical and analytical side put forward the idea to you of the idea of a multiplicity of risks)So I have a lot of points that you have to follow.so if you follow them and write the paper as theoretical and analytical, I will ask you to complete all chapters, however, if you do not follow the structures, I am sorry I will request a refund.so I will have a meeting with my supervisor soon and he will ask me to extend my research proposal and make it a chapter for the first six months. so first he asked me to write the definition and the background of my research as a PhD dissertation and academic.Please if you do not understand any point, let me know, do not write something you do not understand. I will check my points if you follow them or not so please make sure you understand that.first, I want to write 5 pages then I will ask you to write more but first I want to see if you understand to write a PhD dissertation i maritime terrorism Please write the paper as an international student.Please read the transfer report on pages 18 to 23. his research about terrorism in financing but I want you to see how he wrote the paper and add a citation in each sentence, so you have to write a citation in each sentenceAlso, look at the file name Kandlar page 9 TO 123.2.1 Defining Terrorism to get an idea and help you to write the paper. but do not use KANDLR as a citation.I would like you to write 5 pagesfor the definition of maritime terrorism, the background, the conventions, Please you must read the file name the transfer report page 18 to 23. The student writes each sentence with a source so I must have a source in each sentence.If you are a phd writer, I expect you to know how to be synthesizing, critically thinking, and analyzing the sources. So please if you do not have an experience do not accept it.I need you to read the file name (transfer report) from page 18 (5.2.1 Definition of Terrorism) to 23(The phenomenon of Terrorism)My supervisor required the OSCOLA referencing style. So, you must use this style. If you do not have experience, please do not accept this order because my supervisor is so strict with this style, and he always got mad if the referencing is not correct.I hope you use MENDELEY or Zotero or Endnote. I will send you the referencing style but if you have not done it before, please do not accept it I want you to send me a separate file with pages you cited so I can locate the sources and discuss with my supervisor. For exampleYou can send me likeFirst source: page 7 in paragraph 3Second source: page 5 paragraph 2It’s so important to know the page you cited. It’s a phd so I need to know the page number and the paragraph please.I know I have a lot of instructors, but this will be one time then you will understand my points, it ask you to complete the thesis.I want to make my paper similar but not the same. What I mean is the student talked first in page 19 aboutlack of definitionThenThe term ‘terrorismThenFrench revolutionThenHistory of definition like By the mid-19th centuryThenThen problem with the definition in international lawThen The reason for that is that a comprehensive definitionThen the cause of not having defntitonthen Saudi definitionthen UK defitnioh so I want to make it similar but not the same his sources. I have my sources so please use all the sources below-Do not use any references from the student.Important: I organized the sentences as in order.so if you think some sentences are not related, you can change the order of the sentences.If you find a source that connect with another sentence that’s ok as lon as the source an academic source from UK or USA.-Do not use the same source more than 2 I need as many sources.-I expect you to use all the sources I provided below -If you see duplicates source and the same idea, please use one do not duplicate the sentence with the same idea-Please not plagiarisms. My supervisor is so strict, and he found a plagiarism before with a student so please I do not need any treble.My sources:Open file name sea and see the sentence belowMaritime terrorism is a politically motivated crime launched by sea. It is sometimesconsidered as an act of warOpen file name piracy page 24 6.1 Maritime TerrorismYou will see this sentence so cite it.Just as there is no authoritative definition of terrorism as such, ‘maritime terrorism’is hard to define.Also you will see this sentenceLuck of defntitonthen open the link and can say in the 5th pargraphhttps://www.ejiltalk.org/international-law-and-maritime-terrorism/the legal definition of international/maritime terrorism is not yet consolidated in international law.then open the file name sea page 2 and you will see this sentenceAs with maritime security, the term ‘maritime terrorism’ doesn’t have an internationally agreed definition.Open file name Jason Power page 5 and 6.The definition of terrorism changes depending upon who is defining it.Overall, the problem with defining terrorism is that to some,these terrorists are heroes for a cause, while to others they are arguably nothingmore than villains inflicting terror for political motiveMany terrorist cells act for a religious purpose, which makes them similar to freedom fighters, thus giving them an almostheroic quality.Open file piracy page 24 second pargraphThe prefix ‘maritime’ also raisesdefinitional questions, as there simply are no exclusively maritime insurgencies forthe simple reason that the oceans are uninhabited.Then open the linkhttps://www.orfonline.org/research/maritime-terrorism-in-asia-an-assessment-56581/#_edn11terrorism has a political dimension, with objectives that are primarily ideological. In this telling, a violent incident at sea can only be deemed to be an act of ‘terrorism’ if its ideological and political motives are clear.The history of the definition (France)Open the link and put the word terorsim comes form . you will see the pargraph below In 8pargraphhttps://www.pogo.org/investigation/2015/02/brief-history-of-terrorism/Nationalists and AnarchistsThe English word ‘terrorism’ comes from the regime de la terreur that prevailed in France from 1793-1794.Open file name history page 9You will see this pargraphTo understand terrorism, first we must try to define the complex concept. Historically, the term terrorism derived from the Latin word terrere, meaning, “to cause to trembleâ€. Throughout the centuries, the term has been linked mostly with politics and clashing political views. For example, in the 18th century, the French masses rose against the absolute monarchy of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette for their decadence during a fiscal crisis. The commoners wanted their government to change; therefore they filled the streets with their presence and stormed the Bastille to regain control; thus leading to the French Revolution. This example of “terrorism†seems completely justified: the rulers of a broke country pampered themselves in luxury, while they ignored the needs of the masses. Today, the definition of the word has taken somewhat of a dramatic turnOpen the link and you will see this paragraphhttps://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/hoffman-terrorism.html?_r=2&oref=login&oref=sloginYou will see this paragraph so add one sentence and you can say historically the word ….The word `terrorism’ was first popularized during the French Revolution. In contrast to its contemporary usage, at that time terrorism had a decidedly positive connotation.(Terrorism: A system of terror. 1. Government by intimidation as directed and carried out by the party in power in France during the revolution of 1789-94; the system of `Terror’. 2. gen. A policy intended to strike with terror those against whom it is adopted; the employment of methods of intimidation; the fact of terrorizing or condition of being terrorized.)(Terrorism: A system of terror. 1. Government by intimidation as directed and carried out by the party in power in France during the revolution of 1789-94; the system of `Terror’. 2. gen. A policy intended to strike with terror those against whom it is adopted; the employment of methods of intimidation; the fact of terrorizing or condition of being terrorized.)Then open file name France 1 page 4 last paragraph. Add the oxford definitions for terrorismthe 1790s, the Oxford English Dictionarygives two definitions for terrorism: (1) ‘‘government by intimidation as directedand carried out by the party in power in France during the Revolution of 1789–94 . . . ’’and (2) ‘‘policy intended to strike with terror those against whom it is adopted.’’ Bothdefinitions point to the asymmetrical deployment of threats and violence against enemiesoutside the forms of political struggle routinely operating within the current regime.The word terror itself entered the West’s political vocabulary as a name for Frenchrevolutionaries’ actions against their domestic enemies in 1793 and 1794. It referred togovernmental repression, most directly in the form of executions. Aboutthen open file name France 2 page 1 and add one sentence and make it connected to the other. You will see this sentencewhat he meant by ‘terror’. It was not a political programme or an ideology, but a means to an end: the triumph of republican democracy over its many enemies.Important: I organized the sentences as in order. You might change the order of the sentences to be connected. With coherences when you write. For example, you might write this sentence before this source. I want to make the sentences as synthesizingThen open the file name history 2 and you will see highlighted on page 9 .You can say the sentence below. please write sentence. You can say however, the terror word came before France revolutionHistorians of terrorism may point out that the word “terror†applies to the state terror of the French Revolution, but they often neglect to add that, to varying degrees, the phenomenon was a constant of earlier eras and has also been prevalent ever since. Indeed, terrorism, the principal aim of which is to terrorize, is a historically far broader phenomenonthan suggested by the term’s current usage.Open the file name chalk page 41 from above or 19)You will seeHistorically, the world’s oceans have not been a major locus of terroristactivity. Indeed, according to the RAND Terrorism Database, strikeson maritime targets and assets have constituted only two percent ofall international incidents over the last 30 years.Open this link and talk one sentec in the 1900https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/hoffman-terrorism.html?_r=2&oref=login&oref=sloginyou will see many sentence for exampleAnd In the early 1990s the meaning and usage of the term `terrorism’ were further blurred by the emergence of two new buzzwords: `narco-terrorism’ and the so-called `gray area phenomenon’late twentieth centuryhttps://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/hoffman-terrorism.html?_r=2&oref=login&oref=sloginanother grossly over-used term that has similarly become an indispensable part of the argot of the late twentieth century — most people have a vague idea or impression of what terrorism is, but lack a more precise, concrete and truly explanatory definition of the word.Open file name sea page 2 you will see the pargrpah below. please put it in appropriate place.The evidence shows that, in recent years, maritime terrorism has become terrorists’ new focus. This is partly dueto the fact that international commercial ships and other maritime infrastructures, such as mega ports andoffshore oil and gas rigs, appear to be soft targets for maritime terrorism. Maritime terrorists target maritimeinfrastructures with the goal of causing significant damage to human life and the environment, as well astriggering large financial losses. For example, blowing up an LNG ship, an oil tanker, a passenger ship or a megaport would have devastating effects on the maritime supply chain and on the economy; in extreme cases, therecould be huge loss of lifeOpen this link and you will see the sentence belowhttps://www.ejiltalk.org/international-law-and-maritime-terrorism/Yet, maritime terrorism has received limited attention, arguably because most terrorist attacks take place on land or aircrafts.Then open the file name Kandler page 11 you will see the pargraph below( my idea is the previous source is about there is no attention in martime terrorism then I would add the percentage is small only 0.2%Currently, terrorist attacks occurring at sea present only 0,2-2% of all violent acts committed by terrorists (within the last 30 years).32 According to the Global Terrorism Database, 314 incidents of maritime terrorism (in accordance with the working definition applied in this study) occurred between 1970 and 2014.33 But when analysing these data, one needs to bear in mind that incidents of terrorism are often not reported because they are either not newsworthy or successful, but would still cause higher costs for the operator due to delays or raising insurance rates.34Then open the file name sea page 2 the sentence belowMost terrorists do not have the necessary maritimeskills. Obtaining competency at sea, for example, is both expensive and time-consuming. These are some of the reasons why terrorists prefer land overseaOpen the file name piracy page 24 (6.1 Maritime Terrorism) second paragraph you will see the sentence so cite itas there simply are no exclusively maritime insurgencies for the simple reason that the oceans are uninhabited. What we are left with for possibleinclusion in the categories of maritime guerrilla warfare or terrorism are thus maritimeaspects or segments of rebellions which are primarily terrestrial.Even though maritime terrorism has so far been a very minor problem, one cannot completely discount the rather widespread fears of much worse to come.Also this might cite it in different place. If you think there is no connection in any place leave itThen open file name International Maritime Law page 47512.2.2 The international legal instruments to combat maritime terrorismAnd cite this sentenceAlthough the international concern for the security of ships, cargoes, passengers,and crews had been growing steadily over the past several years, it was the AchilleLauro13 incident which awakened the maritimeAlthough the international concern for the security of ships, cargoes, passengers,and crews had been growing steadily over the past several years, it was the AchilleLauro13 incident which awakened the maritime community to the real threat orimpact that terrorism could pose to the industry.Most‘nightmare scenarios’ envisage a use of ships as floating bombs or as delivery vehiclesfor explosive devices, perhaps even nuclear ones; or attacks against passenger ships,such as a ferry or cruise ship, that are simply intended to cause a maximum of fatalities;or the sinking of ships in order to produce a maximum of economic damage, forinstance, by blocking congested and narrow waterways such as the Malacca Straitsor the Suez Canal. One might also envisage attacks intended to cause environmentalthen open the file Catherine Zara Raymond and add the sentence belowPotential Consequences of a Maritime Terrorist AttackTerrorist attacks are by definition very difficult to predict and the scale of any suchattack will vary considerably from case to case. While the human costs are likely tobe low, unless the attack is carried out against a ferry or cruise ship, the economicimpact is likely to be much greater.Open the file Juan Pablo PeÌrez-LeoÌn-Acevedo1 page 3 and you will see this sentenceAlthough there have been so far only a few maritime terrorist incidents, theirnumber may increase depending on how Al-Qaida, the Islamic State and/or otherinternational terrorist groups growopen the link and you will seehttps://ourworldindata.org/terrorismIn this chart we see the number of deaths from terrorism by region in 2017. Of the 26,445 global deaths from terrorism included in the Global Terrorism Database, 95% occurred in the Middle East, Africa or South Asia. Less than 2% of deaths were in Europe, the Americas and Oceania combined. The Middle East and North Africa had by far the largest number of deaths in 2017; but not all countries were affected.then open the linkhttps://dema.az.gov/sites/default/files/Publications/AR-Terrorism%20Definitions-BORUNDA.pdfThe difficulty in defining “terrorism†is in agreeing on a basis for determining when the use of violenceThen open the link and you will see the definitionhttps://www.aspis-superyachts.com/maritime-security/maritime-terrorism-history-typology-and-contemporary-threats.htmlThen you can put howevwe,The European Commission Joint Communication to the European parliament and the Council entitled “For an Open and Secure Global Maritime Domain: Elements for a European Union Maritime Security Strategyâ€, defines maritime terrorism as “any violent act with political ends against ships, cargo and passengers, ports and port facilities and critical maritime infrastructureâ€.Then Open the file name (Maritime Terrorism_ Risk and Liability in page 41you will see definition by (CSCAP) So please cite it.Then open the linkhttps://www.orfonline.org/research/maritime-terrorism-in-asia-an-assessment-56581/#_edn11however, sees the phenomenon as “any premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against non-combatant targets at sea by sub-national groups or clandestine agentsâ€.[12]As many see it, terrorism has a political dimension, with objectives that are primarily ideological. In this telling, a violent incident at sea can only be deemed to be an act of ‘terrorism’ if its ideological and political motives are clear.[then open file name maritime terrorism page 9Yet despite the breadth of this definition, the world’s oceanshave not historically been a major locus of terrorist activity. Indeed,according to the RAND Terrorism Database, seaborne strikes haveconstituted only 2 percent of all international incidents over the last30 years. What explains the apparent contradiction between currentconcerns regarding maritime terrorism and existing evidence of terroristLack of defitntionOpen the file name USA page 4 and you will see the sentence belowthe UN has, for the moment,resigned itself to the fact that it is impossible to reach agreement on acommon definition.”,The lack of definitionThen cite the auother name Walker clive. I will send you the page of his book.in reality a generic definition of terrorism exists neither in treaty law nor in customary international law.23Difficulty with defirntion in international lawhttps://dema.az.gov/sites/default/files/Publications/AR-Terrorism%20Definitions-BORUNDA.pdfopen file name international maritime law page 475 and you will see the sentence highlightedThere are no provisions in UNCLOS that deal directly with maritime terrorism.Then open the file name UN General Assembly, Human Rights Council And you will see the paragraph below so cite it as a confirmation what Clive walker said I. Defining Terrorism: An Overview3. Despite the pressing need for a universally accepted definition of terrorism, and the significant impact that this would have on current and future anti-terrorism efforts, the term has become politically and emotionally charged and consequently, there is no universal agreement on what it entails.Cause if not finding defitnionEffect of not having defntionDefinition of SaudiOpen the link and you will see the deifntionhttps://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2014-02-04/saudi-arabia-new-terrorism-law-in-effect/Critizing of saudiOpen the link and you will seehttps://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21585&LangID=Eyou will seeThe Special Rapporteur on human rights and counter-terrorism, Ben Emmerson, says Saudi laws on terrorism do not comply with international standards. He urged an end to the prosecution of people including human rights defenders, writers and bloggers simply for expressing non-violent views.“Despite many positive developments, I am concerned about the unacceptably broad definition of terrorism and the use of Saudi Arabia’s 2014 counter-terrorism law and other national security provisions against human rights defenders, writers, bloggers, journalists and other peaceful critics,†said Mr. Emmerson in a statement marking the end of a five-day mission to the country.Definition of UShttps://dema.az.gov/sites/default/files/Publications/AR-Terrorism%20Definitions-BORUNDA.pdfthen open the file name (USA) and you will see this sentences as a comparative( I want to say the USA has many definition not one even they are one country they do not agree with a definition)found that practically every agency in theUnited States government with a counterterrorism mission uses a differentdefinition of terrorism.”8 To illustrate the point, hereUk defitnionhttps://dema.az.gov/sites/default/files/Publications/AR-Terrorism%20Definitions-BORUNDA.pdfplease open file name Clive. Open page 20 and 21.you will see the definition and Clive critize the deitnion so please cite what he said. Its important to mention his criticismHistory of maritime terrorismI need you first to read the file name (Catherine Zara Raymond) on Page 3 and 4 (Historical Context ) And make this section similar to it.so please read it carefully and make my paper similar to it but in different sources.please look at the sources below and use them all. You can choose each source with a different incident. But please organize them and write the incidents as in order.You can start by saying similar to this sentence and cite itOpen the file name chalk page 41 and you will see this sentecHistorically, the world’s oceans have not been a major locus of terroristactivityFile name Maritime Insurgency page 1 and you can start first to talk about the piracy.file name (Catherine Zara Raymond) page3 and 4 File name Terrorism and Political Violence page 2 I highlighted the paragraphfile name Maritime Terrorism Risk and Liability Page 51 to 55 you will see a a table of the incidents of maritime terrorismfile name Bradford on page 9 and 10 abu syaffile name chalk page 42 and 43 from abovefile name To Catch a Pirate_ Analyzing Processes of Policy Making on Mariti page 27 and 28then united nation conventionsInternational conventionsPlease look at the transfer report page 32 (5.1.1 International level) and write similar to the style. You can see he put a citation in each sentence so I want to make it similar but of course different information.Please open the link and writehttps://www.un.org/counterterrorism/international-legal-instrumentsyou will see the paragraph brelow, so write one sentence like 19 international legal instruments and since 1963 and put the citationSince 1963, the international community has elaborated 19 international legal instruments to prevent terrorist acts. Those instruments were developed under the auspices of the United Nations and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and are open to participation by all Member States. Here is a summary of the 19 universal legal instruments and additional amendments dealing with terrorism. (For the full text of the documents click on the title)Then open the link and talk about the first convnetionSOLAShttps://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/Pages/International-Convention-for-the-Safety-of-Life-at-Sea-(SOLAS),-1974.aspxTehn open the link and talk one sentence about ISPSShttps://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Security/Pages/SOLA…then Open file Maritime Terrorism Risk and Liability by Greenberg M.D., Chalk P., Willis H.H., Khilko I., Ortiz D.S. (z-lib.org) page 95 and you will see the reason of ISPSS( It came after 2011) the paragraph below cite it. So you can say furthermore, in 2011….. DO NOT FORGET TO CITE ITMaritime Security Regulations:In the wake of the September 11 attacks, both U.S. regulations andinternational maritime security conventions were strengthened to protectagainst potential terrorist threats. Related international rules wereestablished in December 2002 under the International Ship and PortFacility Security (ISPS) Code, as an amendment to the InternationalConvention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).then UNCLOS 1982https://www.iucn.org/theme/marine-and-polar/our-work/international-ocean-governance/unclosthen openhttps://www.un.org/counterterrorism/international-legal-instrumentsThen go down you will see the convneiton for maritime navigationYou can see this convnetions in the file name international maritime law page 477 and 478 I hlighted themIn the aftermath of the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on 11September 2001, it had become clear that the shipping industry needed a new,more stringent, and more comprehensive set of measures to address the questionof maritime security.Furthermore, it was felt that the SUA Convention 1988 and the SUA Protocol1988 required a complete overhaul. Accordingly, the 2005 Protocol to theConvention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of MaritimeNavigation (SUA Convention 2005)22 and the 2005 Protocol to the 1988Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed PlatformsLocated on the Continental Shelf (SUA Protocol 2005),23 were adopted bythe IMO.The United Nations Secretary-General has reiterated that although there are anumber of global and regional instruments covering a wide range of terroristoffences, with specific regard to terrorist acts involving shipping, offshore installations,and other maritime interests it is only the SOLAS (more specifically the ISPSCode), the SUA Convention 1988, SUA Protocol 1988, SUA Convention 2005,and SUA Protocol 2005 that are applicable.24Instrument regarding the maritime navigation1988 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime NavigationPDFEstablishes a legal regime applicable to acts against international maritime navigation that is similar to the regimes established for international aviation; andMakes it an offence for a person unlawfully and intentionally to seize or exercise control over a ship by force, threat, or intimidation; to perform an act of violence against a person on board a ship if that act is likely to endanger the safe navigation of the ship; to place a destructive device or substance aboard a ship; and other acts against the safety of ships.2005 Protocol to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime NavigationCriminalizes the use of a ship as a device to further an act of terrorism;Criminalizes the transport on board a ship various materials knowing that they are intended to be used to cause, or in a threat to cause, death or serious injury or damage to further an act of terrorism;Criminalizes the transporting on board a ship of persons who have committed an act of terrorism; andIntroduces procedures for governing the boarding of a ship believed to have committed an offence under the Convention.
Looking for an Assignment Help? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper
Order Now