solved Post A During the video, the narrator mentioned culturally-related conflicts

Post A During the video, the narrator mentioned culturally-related conflicts that can interfere with effective health care delivery: communication, family involvement, food preferences, religious practices, ethics, and trust. I will be using the ACCESS model to further discuss the element of trust in patient care. The access model was developed by Narayanasamy in 1999, and is an action-centered model that focuses on planning and implementation of culturally congruent care (Narayanasmy, 2002). ACCESS is an acronym that stands for assessment, communication, cultural negotiation, establishing respect/rapport, sensitivity, and safety (Narayanasmy, 2002). Because this model encompasses various elements to really dive into the patient’s culture to fully understand their needs, using this model will help the nurse to develop a trusting relationship with the patient. When meeting a patient from a different culture for the first time, there can be barriers with language, non-verbal communication, religion, and many other elements. Using the model, the first step is for the nurse to assess the culture of the patient by asking specific questions about health beliefs, lifestyle, and health practices. To better communicate and build trust, it is important that the nurse use a certified medical interpreter with the patient if language barriers are present. If a patient is unable to fully communicate with the staff, they will not feel comfortable nor will they fully trust the healthcare provider. As the textbook states, we are all human with our own ingrained culture, biases, and stereotypes (Andrews & Boyle, 2020). In order to build a rapport, the nurse must show respect and sensitivity to make the patient feel safe; which are all elements of the ACCESS model.In order to reduce cultural insensitivity related to trust, I believe that the main focus of the nurse should be in communication. During busy moments in a shift, nurses feel like they are in a rush to get many tasks accomplished in a short period of time. Because of this, they may feel like they don’t have time to fully connect with their cultural differing patient because they involve more effort with communication (interpreter, more in depth explanations). Regardless if the patient understands the nurse’s language, they can still feel the sense of rush and annoyance from the nurse because of the extra steps it takes to properly care for this patient, which can cause the patient to feel disrespected and not trusting of the nurse. To prevent this insensitivity, the nurse should prepare an interpreter, information written in the patient’s language, and involve the patient’s family (if culturally permitting), to make the nurse-client relationship a trusting one.References:Andrews, M., & Boyle, J. (2020). Theoretical foundations of transcultural nursing. In Transcultural concepts in nursing care (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.Narayanasamy, A. (2002). The ACCESS model: A transcultural nursing practice framework. British journal of nursing 11(9). file:///Users/tiannamantone/Downloads/Narayanasamy2002_Access_Model.pdfPost B Briefly discuss a minimum of two culturally-related conflicts that may interfere with effective health care delivery because of diverse populations in the United States. Then, select one of those potential conflict areas and, based on the cultural model assigned by the last name, address the following questions: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all people in the United States regardless of age, culture, or creed. However, the Hispanic population has been impacted more severely in terms of frequency of infection, the severity of illness, and the possibility of death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2021). Not only are Hispanics more likely to contract COVID-19, but they are also more than twice as likely to need hospitalization from the infection and are more than 3 times more likely to die compared to non-Hispanic whites (CDC, 2021). Despite these odds, recent data has shown only 9% of Hispanics have been vaccinated as opposed to 19% of whites (Ndugga et al., 2021). Healthcare disparities for socioeconomic reasons and language barriers may be largely to blame (Johnson & Farquharson, 2019). However, these disparities may coexist with cultural reasons behind why Hispanics are choosing not to be vaccinated for COVID-19 and why Hispanics suffer more severely if they contract the virus. First, Hispanics often utilize community healers to treat health issues by using food, herbs, and other folk remedies (Johnson & Farquharson, 2019). Second, Hispanics do not believe in utilizing professional preventative measures toward improving their health, often using a “what will happen, will happen” type of fatalistic thinking (Johnson & Farquharson, 2019). For this discussion, this writer will address the cultural conflict of Hispanics’ reluctance to utilize professional preventative measures to improve their health (Johnson & Farquharson, 2019).Briefly describe key components of the model. Is this model appropriate to address this particular type of conflict? Why or why not? The Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model is based upon six factors that are culturally influenced including communication, space, social organization, time, environmental control, and biological variations (Giger & Davidhizar, 2002). This model would be ideal to use in assessing Hispanic reluctance to utilize preventative health measures (Johnson & Farquharson, 2019). It addresses the possible contribution of a language barrier, community and family influence, the likelihood of Hispanics being present-minded (and less likely to use preventative measures), lack of access to health care, and possibly a biological propensity toward contracting COVID-19 (Giger & Davidhizar, 2002). It would pinpoint the most significant reasons why Hispanics may be less likely to get the COVID-19 vaccine thereby allowing the nurse to plan patient-specific culturally sensitive interventions to educate and encourage vaccination. Further, the Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model embraces the idea that culture is fluid and may be influenced by new beliefs and ideas (Giger & Davidhizar, 2002).Discuss how nurses can apply the elements of the model to plan & deliver culturally sensitive health care. First, the nurse will assess what language the patient prefers for healthcare delivery and then facilitate their preference (Giger & Davidhizar, 2002). Assessment of how comfortable the patient is sharing their space with the nurse will guide the nurse in knowing how to teach the patient about how the vaccine is administered (Giger & Davidhizar, 2002). Family and community assessment is important because family is especially important to most Hispanics (Johnson & Farquharson, 2019). Including family in vaccine education may be a large factor in the patient agreeing to it. Assessment of time with an understanding that Hispanics are present-minded rather than future-minded regarding healthcare will help the nurse discuss other benefits of receiving vaccination such as protecting elderly loved-ones (Johnson & Farquharson, 2019; Giger & Davidhizar, 2002). Since Hispanics often hold a fatalistic view of their existence, environmental control is not something they feel they have, so understanding this will guide the nurse in creating a relevant plan of care (Johnson & Farquharson, 2019; Giger & Davidhizar, 2002). Finally, understanding Hispanics are more likely to suffer adverse effects of COVID-19, the nurse will use that knowledge of biological variation to help the patient realize that suffering is not necessary if they get the vaccine (CDC, 2021; Giger & Davidhizar, 2002). What specific steps could a nurse take to eliminate or reduce cultural insensitivity related to your selected potential conflict? The first thing the nurse can do is reserve judgment for why Hispanics do not seek preventative care. The root of it is likely due to a language barrier, lack of access to healthcare, their faith in God, or possibly fear (Johnson & Farquharson, 2019). Taking a moment to consider what it would be like to seek healthcare in a country that does not speak English without any money and to be taken care of by medical professionals who do not understand your way of life is a daunting thought. Using empathy is one of the best ways to allay cultural insensitivity (Andrews et al., 2020).ReferencesAndrews, M. M., Boyle, J. S., Collins, J. W. (2020) Theoretical foundations of transcultural nursing care (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Hospitalization and death by race/ethnicity. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-da…Giger, J. N. & Davidhizar, R. (2002). The Giger and Davidhizar transcultural assessment model. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), 185-188.Johnson M.J. & Farquharson, H.R. (2019). Hispanic culture and healthcare in the United States: One person’s perspective. J Nur Res Prac. 3(4), 01-02. https://www.pulsus.com/scholarly-articles/hispanic…Ndugga, N., Pham, O., Hill, L., Artiga, S, Alam, R., Parker, N. (2021). Latest data on COVID-19 vaccinations race/ethnicity. Kaiser Family Foundation. https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-bri…