solved This individual assignment helps you reflect on your Learning Team

This individual assignment helps you reflect on your Learning Team activity. Use the same topic and position to complete this assignment. The topic we chose is:

Clinical uses for illicit substances (e.g., medical marijuana, MDMA for PTSD)

Summarize the decision-making model you employed and the process used to arrive at your position.
Review the following resources from the Week 3 University Library Readings if you need additional information about ethical decision-making models:

“An Integrated Ethical Decision-Making Model for Nurses”
Nursing Ethics in Everyday Practice: A Step-By-Step Guide, Ch. 2: Ethical Decision-Making

Summarize and explain each person’s position and evidence.
Explain how seeing the positions and evidence of others changed or reinforced your position.

 Morsal’s part:
Although illicit drugs pose a significant health danger to an individual, researchers have found that some of these drugs have surprising therapeutic benefits (Dybuncio & Jaslow, 2012). Some illicit drugs have shown potential for medicinal use for psychological benefit or treatment of an addiction to a drug-using another (Dybuncio & Jaslow, 2012).
Some illicit drugs have been medically used to treat some health issues. The use of amphetamines or amphetamine congeners has been medically proven to treat health problems such as overweight, narcolepsy, and depression. For instance, controlled clinical studies have found out that amphetamines increase weight loss in an overweight individual. Studies on Lysergic acid diethylamide have found it to help alcoholics have greater motivation, self-acceptance, and awareness to address their alcohol abuse (Dybuncio & Jaslow, 2012). More so, medical marijuana has been understood to prevent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and relieve chronic pain (Dybuncio & Jaslow, 2012). MDMA combined with therapy has in some cases proven an effective way of helping patients with PTSD. MDMA has also been found to potentially better treat cancers such as leukemia, myeloma, and lymphoma (Dybuncio & Jaslow, 2012).

The use of illicit drugs poses health dangers to an individual. There is a chance that using a drug for recreational or medicinal purposes will lead to serious health endangerment. Illicit drug use is understood to have the harmful effect of exposing an individual to short or long-term physical risk. In opposition to this opinion, the medical use of illicit drugs is strictly controlled through therapy and monitoring the progress of the individual drug intake (Dybuncio & Jaslow, 2012). Also, in some cases, if the individual is understood to fall prey to addiction to a particular drug, they are assisted by getting medical help to get the physical dependence of that drug.
The use of illicit drugs poses a psychological dependence on that particular drug. It is often that the abuse of drugs may create psychological support. However, the use for medicinal purposes is less likely to pose this danger. As mentioned above, the drug’s medical use is combined with therapy to ensure the risks associated are effectively managed or minimized (Dybuncio & Jaslow, 2012). 

Ingrid’s part:
The use, possession and also trafficking of illicit substances in intense inpatient units of psychological health services elevates complicated as well as sensitive issues. Use illegal compounds is a raising issue amongst those needing treatment for a mental disease (Lamsma, Cahn, & Fazel, 2020). The continued use illicit substances while an inpatient makes complex the administration of that patient as well as may have a harmful result on various other clients. Scientific team have an obligation of care to all people as well as personnel, that is, a task to act fairly to protect them from foreseeable damage. The immoral nature of drug use, ownership and also trafficking may put an added worry on staff. In these conditions staff might have a responsibility to remove illicit substances from people and also organise their risk-free disposal (Lamsma, Cahn, & Fazel, 2020). Nonetheless, staff needs to constantly be conscious that the emphasis of care need to be guided towards supplying a therapeutic rather than custodial setting.
A research of greater than 100 people recommends ketamine could be used to help treat people experiencing clinical depression. Although it can be medically suggested as an anaesthetic, it’s widely used as a prohibited celebration medicine. This kind of unregulated usage can bring about hazardous side effects, including serious liver as well as kidney damages (Weng, et all, 2020). In my point of view, if used as a medical technique, a great deal of those prohibited compounds can assist. Utilized by physician like dental practitioners, laughing gas can provide discomfort relief. Yet it can be abused and also pre-owned illegally and also is frequently called “laughing gas”. Cocaine is ranked as course A. Being captured having it can lug a maximum prison sentence of up to seven years. In the medical world it is still utilized in reduced dosages as an anaesthetic by dental experts (Weng, et all, 2020). Heroin can have a damaging effects on individuals, families and also communities when made use of unlawfully, professionals state. An additional course A drug there are massive physical and lawful repercussions for individuals that abuse it. Legally, it’s used as diamorphine by physician administering palliative, or end of life treatment (Weng, et all, 2020). They’re not worried about its extremely addicting nature, focusing on rather how it can help relieve the pain of individuals who may only have a couple of days or weeks left to live.
Reference
Lamsma, J., Cahn, W., & Fazel, S. (2020). Use of illicit substances and violent behaviour in psychotic disorders: two nationwide case-control studies and meta-analyses. Psychological medicine, 50(12), 2028-2033.
Weng, T. I., Chen, L. Y., Chen, J. Y., Chen, P. S., Hwa, H. L., & Fang, C. C. (2020). Characteristics of analytically confirmed illicit substance-using patients in the Emergency Department. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 119(12), 1827-1834. 

Aida’s part:

My stance, in this case, is that illicit drugs should be used for clinical purposes. Take, for example, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA); this drug is useful in treating post-traumatic disorder (PSTD). By applying the Principles-Based Model as the most appropriate ethical decision-making model, I can support the use of this drug for clinical purposes. According to Ulrich (2012), this model is based on various principles, including autonomy, beneficence, loyalty, and nonmaleficence, to ensure effective ethical decision-making. The presented steps include clarifying a dilemma, examining the various ethical factors associated, deciding on actions to take, and acting. Following these steps enabled a precise understanding of how useful the drug is for clinical use. Overall, clinical use of such an illicit drug is in the best interest of the patient.

References
Ulrich, C. M. (2012). Nursing ethics in everyday practice. Indianapolis: Sigma Theta Tau International.

Alina’s part:

Drugs can be dangerous; over centuries, research has been conducted and found that some drugs have surprising therapeutic benefits. Whether it’s a psychological benefit or treating addiction to one drug with the help of another, several studies document the potential medicinal effects of otherwise illegal drugs (Grinspoon & Bakalar, 2020). In using illicit drugs for clinical purposes, the healthcare provider is obligated to identify associated risks. First, it is essential to understand that the drug is proven harmful, but there is evidence that the drug is used to benefit the patient while mitigating risks. Second, both the patient and the provider need to determine if the identified benefit is greater than the risk of harm to the patient. Following these steps assists in the determination of when to use these drugs, having exhausted other safer alternatives and proving them ineffective.

Marijuana is a commonly used drug for clinical purposes. Many chronic pain medications, like opioids, come with significant side effects, and cannabis is perceived as being relatively safe because the risk of fatal overdose is so incredibly low (“Medical marijuana and other therapeutic uses of illicit drugs,” n.d). As a result, the medicinal marijuana industry needs to perform due diligence in assuring the purity and quality of the drug. Also, it is important to control the ideal growing environment for the cannabis plant as a pharmaceutical product to ensure a safe concentration of active ingredients. Illicit drugs should be available for use, but the healthcare provider and the patient must determine the associated benefits and risks.

References
Grinspoon, L., & Bakalar, J. B. (2020). Missed opportunities? Beneficial uses of illicit drugs. The Control of Drugs and Drug Users, 183-212. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003078364-14

Medical marijuana and other therapeutic uses of illicit drugs. (n.d.). Key Concepts in Drugs and Society, 83-87. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526401670.n16