solved Genetic Testing and Substance abuse during pregnancy. Â Â Â

Genetic Testing and Substance abuse during pregnancy.     TWO Parts.  A word document is fine, Atleast 2-3 paragraphs and no more then one page double spaced 12 point font.  This doesn’t have to be perfect, but it doesn’t have to be 2 pages either.
In your own words and through your research (Cite 2 sources using APA format- worth 10 points)  Please discuss how genetic testing can help women protect themselves, but also discuss how it is being used in countries in Iceland where diseases such as down syndrome have been eliminated 100%  Although Genetic counseling is suppose to be neutral, what could be a reason why birth defects are aborted in such high numbers.?  This doesn’t have to be your opinion, but perhaps through the scope of someone who may wish to keep a child or not keep a child with a birth defect that doesn’t put the mother at risk.  The 2nd question is opinion based and will not be graded negatively regardless of your research or stance.
Below is an excerpt from a news article on Iceland.
Geneticist Kari Stefansson is the founder of deCODE Genetics, a company that has studied nearly the entire Icelandic population’s genomes. He has a unique perspective on the advancement of medical technology. “My understanding is that we have basically eradicated, almost, Down syndrome from our society — that there is hardly ever a child with Down syndrome in Iceland anymore,” he said.
Quijano asked Stefansson, “What does the 100 percent termination rate, you think, reflect about Icelandic society?”
“It reflects a relatively heavy-handed genetic counseling,” he said. “And I don’t think that heavy-handed genetic counseling is desirable. … You’re having impact on decisions that are not medical, in a way.”
Stefansson noted, “I don’t think there’s anything wrong with aspiring to have healthy children, but how far we should go in seeking those goals is a fairly complicated decision.”
2nd part-  What birth defects can alcohol, drugs, and/or smoking have on a baby?