Competencies
In this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competencies:

Record and present financial information by applying the appropriate framework and guidelines of accounting for business transactions
Determine asset accounts and their disclosure in the financial statements
Determine liability and equity accounts and their disclosure in the financial statements

Scenario
You are a certified public accountant (CPA) who is working with a small bakery to prepare their financial statements for three months of the current fiscal year. Because the company is a startup and so small, the accounting is done manually in Microsoft Excel. You have been given the accounts and information you need to prepare their financial statements, but you will need to use the accounting cycle to report accurate information to the finance department. The business owners have also asked you to summarize the company’s performance based on the financial statements.
Directions
Company Accounting Workbook
Use accepted accounting principles to follow and record your business transactions for a three-month period from the first step of the accounting cycle through the reporting process. You will build on your work from Milestones One and Two to complete your workbook using the Company Accounting Workbook Template (linked in the What to Submit section).
Your completed accounting workbook will consist of journal entries for each transaction and postings of transactions to account ledgers. You will develop a trial balance from ledger balances and adjust revenue and expense accounts, as necessary, to ensure that revenues and expenses are reported in the appropriate period under the accrual accounting method. The adjusted trial balance will be used to prepare the income statement, the statement of owner’s equity, and the balance sheet. After the preparation of the financial statements, closing entries will be entered to transfer earnings to equity and prepare temporary accounts for the new accounting period.
Use the instructions below to complete your workbook.

Record Financial Data: Use accepted accounting principles to accurately capture business transactions for October, November, and December using the data provided in the accounting data appendix (linked in the Supporting Materials section). You will need to address the following:

Accuracy: Prepare entries that are accurate in that they fully reflect the appropriate information.
Completeness: Prepare entries that are complete for each month, including transferring posted entries to T accounts.
Inventory Valuation: Prepare entries for the month of December to reflect the new line of products offered by the company, which includes using the data from the “Inventory Valuation” tab of the company accounting workbook.

Accrual Basis: Apply the accrual basis of accounting and prepare adjusting entries to ensure accurate accounting for expenses that lack transactions in the current period.

Unadjusted Trial Balance: Prepare the unadjusted trial balance portion of the “Trial Balance” tab of the company accounting workbook, ensuring that the total debits and credits match.
Adjusting Entries: Prepare the “Adjusting Entries” tab of the company accounting workbook.
Adjusted Trial Balance: Prepare the adjusted trial balance on the “Trial Balance” tab, ensuring that the debit and credit totals match.

Financial Statements: Create financial statements using appropriate methods based on accepted accounting principles. Be sure to prepare these financial statements in the order listed, as there are important interdependencies among them.

Income Statement: Prepare the income statement using the adjusted trial balance.
Statement of Owner’s Equity: Prepare the statement of owner’s equity using the adjusted trial balance.
Balance Sheet: Prepare the balance sheet using the adjusted trial balance.
Closing Entries: Complete the “Closing Entries” tab of the company accounting workbook by closing all temporary income statement amounts to create closing entries.
Post-Closing Trial Balance: Prepare the “Post-Closing Trial Balance” tab of the company accounting workbook in preparation for the next accounting period.

Summary Report
After you have completed preparing all the financial statements, analyze the statements and write a short report summarizing your findings. Use the template provided in the What to Submit section to complete your report.

Summary: Write a summary of what the financial statements indicate about the company’s financial health and performance.

Purpose: What kind of information would these financial statements provide to various aspects of the business?
Analysis: What is the company’s cash position, its net income as a percentage of sales, and its current liabilities to current assets position?

What to Submit
To complete this project, you must submit the following:
Company Accounting Workbook Spreadsheet
Your workbook should be completed and submitted as a Microsoft Excel file based on the template provided.
Project Summary Report Word Document
Use this template to submit a 1- to 2-page Word document summarizing the financial statements you created.
Supporting Materials
The following resources support your work on the project:
Resource: Accounting Data Appendix Word Document
This resource includes all of the existing financial information needed to complete your project.
Tutorial: Infobase Microsoft Excel Tutorial
This tutorial from Infobase provides helpful information on how to use the basic features of Microsoft Excel. Use the table of contents to select the tutorials that best suit your needs.
Project Rubric
CriteriaExemplary (100%)Proficient (85%)Needs Improvement (55%)Not Evident (0%)ValueRecord Financial Data: AccuracyPrepares accurate entries with no errorsPrepares accurate entries with minimal errorsPrepares entries that have significant inaccuraciesDoes not attempt criterion5Record Financial Data: CompletenessPrepares entries that are complete for each month, including transferring posted entries to T accounts, with no errorsPrepares entries that are complete for each month, including transferring posted entries to T accounts, with minimal errorsPrepares entries that are complete for each month, including transferring posted entries to T accounts, with significant errorsDoes not attempt criterion5Record Financial Data: Inventory ValuationPrepares entries for the month of December that reflect the new line of products offered by the company with no errorsPrepares entries for the month of December that reflect the new line of products offered by the company with minimal errorsPrepares entries for the month of December that reflect the new line of products offered by the company with significant errorsDoes not attempt criterion5Accrual Basis: Unadjusted Trial BalancePrepares the unadjusted trial balance accurately, ensuring the total debits and credits match with no errorsPrepares the unadjusted trial balance with minimal errorsPrepares the unadjusted trial balance with significant errorsDoes not attempt criterion5Accrual Basis: Adjusting EntriesPrepares adjusting entries with no errorsPrepares adjusting entries with minimal errorsPrepares adjusting entries with significant errorsDoes not attempt criterion10Accrual Basis: Adjusted Trial BalancePrepares the adjusted trial balance with no errorsPrepares the adjusted trial balance with minimal errorsPrepares the adjusted trial balance with significant errorsDoes not attempt criterion5Financial Statements: Income StatementPrepares the income statement using the adjusted trial balance with no errorsPrepares the income statement using the adjusted trial balance with minimal errorsPrepares the income statement using the adjusted trial balance with significant errorsDoes not attempt criterion15Financial Statements: Statement of Owner’s EquityPrepares the statement of owner’s equity using the adjusted trial balance with no errorsPrepares the statement of owner’s equity using the adjusted trial balance with minimal errorsPrepares the statement of owner’s equity using the adjusted trial balance with significant errorsDoes not attempt criterion15Financial Statements: Balance SheetPrepares the balance sheet using the adjusted trial balance with no errorsPrepares the balance sheet using the adjusted trial balance with minimal errorsPrepares the balance sheet using the adjusted trial balance with significant errorsDoes not attempt criterion15Financial Statements: Closing EntriesCompletes closing entries by closing all temporary income statement amounts to create closing entries with no errorsCompletes closing entries by closing all temporary income statement amounts to create closing entries with minimal errorsCompletes closing entries by closing all temporary income statement amounts to create closing entries, but there are significant errorsDoes not attempt criterion5Financial Statements: Post-Closing Trial BalancePrepares the post-closing trial balance in preparation for the next accounting period with no errorsPrepares the post-closing trial balance in preparation for the next accounting period with minimal errorsPrepares the post-closing trial balance in preparation for the next accounting period with significant errorsDoes not attempt criterion5Summary ReportExceeds proficiency in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative mannerWrites a report with a summary of what kind of information the financial statements provide and what these statements indicate about the company’s financial performance, including the company’s cash position, its net income as a percentage of sales, and its current liabilities to current assets positionShows progress toward proficiency but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include describing the kind of information the statements provide to different business aspects, and including all relevant details about the company’s financial performance, such as the company’s cash position, its net income as a percentage of sales, and its current liabilities to current assets positionDoes not attempt criterion10Total:100%

Reply:

Chocolate and Spirituality 
Discuss why religious groups like Quakers turned chocolatiers and confectionaries. Relate to pacifism, abolition, prohibition, women in industry, and more. Are there other examples of communities and individuals producing/selling “safe” and useful products and creating alternative working conditions and societies in the late 1700s and 1800s, as well as – today?)
In your first post please respond using the following material:
To better understand the background and immediate context, watch this free video on YouTube – Deborah Cadbury: The Chocolate Wars: https://youtu.be/lWq0SJiWJE4 (Links to an external site.) (2 min 42 sec)
The Cadburys (Biography in Sherman, Ch. 17)
Ethical Chocolate and Social Capitalism: Consumers of the World Unite by Mark Christian, 2010:  
https://www.c-spot.com/editorials/ethical-chocolate-social-capitalism-consumers-of-the-world-unite/ (Links to an external site.) 
Early Socialism: Ending Competition and Inequalities (part of the lesson in Ch. 18)
In your second post comment on someone else’s post, and elaborate with new knowledge (in both posts!)
Then read the Biography and about the wider context of the chocolatiers in England.
A Rising Middle-Class Family
The Cadburys

By the late eighteenth century, the Cadburys were a well-established Quaker family of shopkeepers in western England. Young Richard Tapper Cadbury used his father’s connections to find positions as an apprentice and journeyman to drapers (selling retail cloth and dry goods) in Gloucester and London. In 1794, his father helped him again, giving him money to start his own cloth and dry goods store on the main street in Birmingham, one of Britain’s leading industrial cities.
In 1800, Richard, his wife, Elizabeth, and their growing family moved into an apartment above their shop on Bull Street. Middle-class families such as the Cadburys typically lived in the same building as their business until they could afford to buy a separate home.
Elizabeth Cadbury, like most middle-class women of moderate means, worked in the family enterprise but had received no professional training. She picked up skills on the job, helping rather than leading, and taking over for her husband when he was away. As a married woman, Elizabeth had no independent legal identity and could not have owned a business on her own. Formally, their family business belonged to Richard, but like many businesses during the period, it also functioned as an informal partnership between the couple. In addition to working in the business, Elizabeth was also responsible for running the household, which included eight children and young apprentices.
Draper retailers such as the Cadbury family played a major role in the revolution of Britain’s textile industries. Like producers, retailers benefited from the new sources of supply and expanding demand for cloth. The Cadbury shop expanded and brought in enough income for Richard and Elizabeth to rent a house and land for a garden on the outskirts of Birmingham in 1812. The younger children, their nurse, and their pets moved there. Elizabeth and her older daughters traveled back and forth, managing the two households.
Richard and Elizabeth’s sons eventually apprenticed in retail businesses in different cities—Benjamin as a draper, John as a tea and coffee dealer. The daughters had no such training. Instead, they learned what they could from their mother as they helped in the shop, house, and garden.
John (1801–1889) opened a tea and coffee store next door to his parents’ shop (see Figure 17.13). He and his first wife, who died in 1828, lived over the shop. When John accumulated enough money, he also opened a plant to manufacture the cocoa and chocolate for which the family name would become so famous. In 1834, John and his second wife, Candia, moved their home away from the city, with its filth and crowds, to a new, planned middle-class suburb just outside of Birmingham. Candia generally stayed at home, busy with her domestic tasks and gardening, while John rode to town every day to take care of business and political affairs. Candia could not look after the family business as her mother-in-law, Elizabeth, had, for the demands of child-rearing had grown and the training necessary for John’s more complex business had increased. John’s and Candia’s spheres were much more distinct than the elder Cadburys’ had been.

FIGURE 17.13
E. Wall Cousins, The Cadbury Shops, 1824
In 1861, John’s sons, Richard and George, took over their father’s failing business. They visited a chocolate factory in Holland that was using a new process to transform cocoa beans into cocoa and chocolate. In 1866, they successfully introduced that process into their own factory. This new technique helped them to break the near-monopoly that French chocolate products had previously enjoyed in the British market. In the decades that followed, the brothers built Cadbury into a prosperous cocoa and chocolate manufacturing firm. Richard painted the designs for fancy Cadbury chocolate boxes that idealized children and their innocence, using his own children as models.
In 1879, the brothers moved their firm from industrialized Birmingham to a rural site they called Bournville. There they introduced improved conditions for their workers and a private social security program, reforms well ahead of their time. George, holding firmly to the Quaker views of his parents and grandparents, had long taught in a Birmingham “adult school” for workingmen. Concluding that poor housing lay at the root of many social evils, he began building high-quality working-class housing that featured gardens. By 1900, that community included 313 houses and served as a model for British “garden cities” and “garden suburbs.”
In 1901, George and members of his family acquired the London Daily News and other newspapers, which they used to express their Liberal Party views. By this time, Cadbury, which had grown unevenly from the seeds planted by Richard and Elizabeth in 1794, had become a vast, worldwide company.
Middle-class success
In short, the middle-class ideal was a small, private family bonded by love and authority. In such a family, the wife and husband willingly fulfilled the expected roles of their separate spheres. Families measured their success in achieving this ideal by the luxury items they bought, collected, and self-consciously displayed; by the accomplishments of their children; by how well their lives matched the uplifting dramas that the novels and paintings of the day depicted; and by their participation in appropriate social, religious, and philanthropic activities.
Middle-class success is well illustrated by the economic and social rise of wealthy commercial and industrial families such as the Cadburys (see Biography).  1824 drawing by E. Wall Cousins in Figure 17.13 shows the still-modest Cadbury shops on Bull Street in Birmingham. To the right is Richard’s original dry-goods (linens) store; to the left, his son John’s tea and coffee shop. The plate-glass windows and the dress of people on the street indicate the store’s intention to appeal to middle-class and wealthy clients. Above are the family’s apartments, which include plants and pets. When the business expanded, the Cadburys moved away from this store to a suburban house, with separate nursery and schoolrooms for the children. The idea of separate rooms for children, and for eating, cooking, reading, and socializing, was new and reflected the growing wealth of the middle class and how the idea of differentiation—separate areas for different tasks and the division of labor—already spreading in the industrial world affected the domestic sphere as well.
Working-Class Realities
The middle class assumed that its vision of the proper family served as the standard for all. However, this vision did not fit the urban and industrial realities facing the far more numerous working classes.
Women workersIndustrialization pulled many working-class women away from their homes and into factory jobs. Employers preferred to hire women because they worked for lower salaries and seemed more pliable than men. In the early decades, young children often accompanied their mothers, providing even cheaper labor and falling victim to the harsh, disciplined factory environment. During the 1830s and 1840s, the public outcry against child labor (led by middle-class reformers, not the working class) prompted women to leave their younger children at home in the care of an older child or neglectful “baby farmers,” women who took in far too many children. Many mothers resorted to drugging their children with laudanum to keep them out of harm’s way while the adults were at work.
Page 543
Middle-class critics demanded reforms that would limit women’s ability to work away from home, although working-class women objected that they had no better alternatives. As one group of women factory workers from Manchester pointed out, “Handloom has been almost totally superseded by power loom weaving, and no inconsiderable number of females, who must depend on their own exertions, … have been forced … into the manufactories, from their total inability to earn a livelihood at home.” During recessions, women’s plight worsened. Employers laid off the more highly paid men first, leaving women with the overwhelming burden of managing both a paid job and all the domestic tasks at home.
Working-class and peasant families were being pulled apart in other ways as well. Adolescent boys left home to seek work in the mines or cities. Daughters, too, sought jobs as factory laborers or as domestics in middle or upper-class homes. In the cities, women were all the more vulnerable during economic downturns when low-paying jobs disappeared.
From Sherman, 542-543
================================
Lastly, take a look at the question of ethical chocolate: 
Ethical Chocolate and Social Capitalism: Consumers of the World Unite by Mark Christian, 2010:  
https://www.c-spot.com/editorials/ethical-chocolate-social-capitalism-consumers-of-the-world-unite/ (Links to an external site.)

ASSESSMENT 1
Write a 5-6 page report for an executive-level management team about whether Adidas should develop a similar DTC competitive strategy to Nike’s.
Introduction
You have been hired as a consultant by Adidas to analyze Nike’s direct-to-consumer (DTC) distribution strategy to determine if Adidas should develop a similar competitive strategy. A report is to be presented to the executive management team of Adidas with your analysis. 
Overview
In this assessment, you will write a report with your analysis of a DTC distribution strategy for an executive-level management team.?
Instructions
Respond to the following scenario as you complete your report:
You have been hired as a consultant by Adidas to analyze Nike’s direct-to-consumer (DTC) distribution strategy to determine if Adidas should develop a similar competitive strategy.
Nike, the U.S. sportswear giant, has been working to bring its manufacturing process closer to the point of sale, and concurrently adopting a direct-to-consumer strategy with a focus on owning the experience. Selling direct to consumer, commonly referred to as DTC or D2C, means you’re selling your products directly to your end customers.
Write a management report analyzing Nike’s supply chain strategy for Adidas’ executives. Include the following:

Analyze why the company (Nike) has adopted a DTC supply chain strategy by explaining the advantages and disadvantages and the impact of this strategy on its profitability. 
Analyze the importance of the Internet and social media (to Nike) and compare today’s marketplace to a future marketplace advantage. 
Analyze how the company’s (Nike’s) DTC strategy satisfies customers and discuss the advantages of this type of competitive distribution strategy. 
Recommend steps for the company (Nike) to continue to grow its DTC strategy and support with cited sources in areas of organizational structure, technological investments, digital strategy, and customer relationship management.
Recommend steps for the company (Adidas) to effectively grow its DTC strategy and support with cited sources in areas of organizational structure, technological investments, digital strategy, and customer relationship management.

Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

Competency 1: Examine how a supply chain supports an organizational strategy.

Explain why the company has adopted a DTC supply chain strategy.

Competency 2: Assess how to improve supply chain efficiencies.

Recommend steps for the company to continue to grow its DTC strategy.
Recommend steps for the company to effectively grow its DTC strategy.

Competency 3: Analyze supply chain systems in order to meet customer demands.

Analyze how the company’s DTC strategy satisfies customers.
Analyze the importance of the Internet and social media as related to the company’s supply chain strategy.

Competency 4: Communicate in a professional manner that is consistent with the expectations for supply chain managers and participants.

Convey purpose in an appropriate tone and style, incorporating supporting evidence and adhering to organizational, professional, and scholarly writing standards.
ASSESSMENT 2
Conduct a case study analysis and write 5-6 pages on the different characteristics of the supply chain strategy, including transportation, for a selected company.Introduction
In this assessment, you will research a selected company and develop a case study analysis. All operational activities begin with an estimate of what customer demands will be. Production schedules, modes of transportation, warehouse space, and other supply chain activities are all dependent on the accuracy of the company’s demand forecasting. The information management system must provide thorough, accurate, and timely information so that supply chain managers can prepare and execute short- and long-term plans. Satisfying the customer is the number one challenge for all demand forecasters.Overview
In this assessment, you will research a selected company and develop a case study analysis on forecasting and planning a supply chain. ?Instructions?
Consider that you work for a company that develops and sells case studies and case study analyses. Your company’s primary customers are colleges and universities wanting to use them within their courses, but your company also has customers using them for management training and development. Your manager asked you to conduct research and develop a case study analysis on the company’s supply chain strategy, including transportation. She’s specifically interested in you doing the analysis on one of the companies from this list:

Amazon.
Apple.
L. L. Bean.
Starbucks.
Walmart.
Research and write about the company that you have selected from the above list.You and your manager discussed the high-level outline of your analysis and agreed you should address the following items:
Describe the company’s business model and illustrate the business model through the use of a diagram or visual.
Compare and contrast the company’s supply chain strategy with another organization’s strategies and summarize key findings of areas the other organization excels in.

Use another company from the list to determine which supply chain areas the company excels at compared to your selected company.

Analyze the transportation strategy of the company using examples of the various transportation modes to support the effectiveness of moving products from factories to customers. 
Analyze the global challenges that the company faces in its supply chain and discuss risks and associated strategies to minimize the risks.
Analyze the economic and political factors that can impact the company’s transportation network and relate to future improvements.  
Analyze the role demand forecasting plays in the company’s supply chain strategy and support the analysis with ways to manage challenges of forecasting in times of uncertainty. 
Analyze how pricing promotions are used to change demand through relevant examples that demonstrate this strategy.

Competency 1: Examine how a supply chain supports an organizational strategy.
Describe the company’s business model.
Compare and contrast the company’s supply chain strategy with another company’s strategy.
Explain the transportation strategy of the company.

Competency 2: Assess how to improve supply chain efficiencies.

Analyze the global challenges the company faces in its supply chain.
Analyze the economic and political factors that can impact the company’s transportation network.
Analyze the role demand forecasting plays in the company’s supply chain strategy.

Competency 3: Analyze supply chain systems to meet customer demands.

Explain how pricing promotions are used to change demand.

Competency 4: Communicate in a professional manner that is consistent with the expectations for supply chain managers and participants.

Convey purpose in an appropriate tone and style, incorporating supporting evidence and adhering to organizational, professional, and scholarly writing standards.
ASSESSMENT 3
Conduct a case study analysis on the information management system (IMS) of a company you choose and write a 5-6 page white paper for the executive management team to show the importance of continuing to invest in the company’s supply chain IMS.
Introduction
Meeting customer demands and high efficiencies are the goals of the majority of supply chains, and companies strive to develop sustainable long-term supply chain solutions. You will show the importance of continuing to invest in the company’s supply chain information management system (IMS) in this assessment.Overview
In this assessment, you will write a white paper to be presented to the executive management team to show the importance of continuing to invest in the company’s supply chain information management system.Instructions
For your white paper, you may use the same company you selected for another assessment or select a different company from this list:

Amazon.
Apple.
L. L. Bean.
Starbucks.
Walmart.
Conduct your research and write about the selected company’s information management system (IMS). Include the following:
Analyze the company’s information management system and relate the IMS to the company’s business objectives. 
Analyze how technology is used for managing the company’s transportation and warehousing network using relevant examples. 
Analyze how the company’s IMS provides a competitive advantage over competition and summarize the unique features which create customer satisfaction. 
Analyze how the IMS helps coordinate between supply chain partners and provide an example of how the coordination leads to exceptional service. 
Analyze how an IMS helps monitor orders and inventory levels and satisfy customers using relevant real world examples.
Analyze why managing information is equally or more important to the company than moving products by relating the impact of information management to productivity, efficiency, and profitability. 

Competency 1: Examine how a supply chain supports an organizational strategy.
Describe the company’s information management system.
Competency 2: Assess how to improve supply chain efficiencies.
Describe how technology is used for managing the company’s transportation and warehousing network.
Analyze how the company’s IMS provides a competitive advantage over competition. 
Describe how the IMS helps coordinate between supply-chain partners.
Competency 3: Analyze supply chain systems in order to meet customer demands.
Explain how an IMS helps monitor orders and inventory levels and satisfy customers.
Examine why managing information is equally or more important to a company than moving products.
Competency 4: Communicate in a professional manner that is consistent with the expectations for supply chain managers and participants.
Convey purpose in an appropriate tone and style, incorporating supporting evidence and adhering to organizational, professional, and scholarly writing standards.

Career Essay 3-5 pages double spaced based on 1 of the 3 Career Occupational Reports that you researched.OCCUPATIONAL REPORT1. General Description of Occupation. This is a senior legal officer with UN. the responsibilities of the Senior Legal Officer will be to provide legal advice in support of the activities of the Office of Investment Management (OIM) of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund (UNJSPF).2. Describe economic advantages of the occupation. For example, high pay, vacation time. The advantages of this occupation are high pay, vacation time, high position, and the benefits.3. Describe economic disadvantages of the occupation. For example, long hours, low pay. The disadvantages are long hours of work, stress from the job and pressure to preform good 4. Describe the general earnings potential for this career. Monthly salary for this occupation would be around 15,0005. Describe the general ability for participants to move up in this career. Since this is already a very high position within the UN, it would be hard to move up but one can always try.6. Describe the general educational requirements for this career. Advanced university degree (Master’s degree or equivalent) in law is required. A first-level university degree in law in combination with two additional years of qualifying experience may be accepted in lieu of the advanced university degree. A Master’s degree in law with specialization in international investment, banking, commercial law or corporate finance is desirable.7. What is the” Long Term Outlook?” Describe how this occupation is growing and improving. What does the future look like? This job has a lot of training to Improve and grow. The future goal with this job would be to go a step higher and maybe even become a head of an organization8. Describe the general knowledge, skills and abilities that are required by this occupation. Describe the personal characteristics that are needed to be successful in this position.Professionalism: In-depth theoretical knowledge of, and extensive experience in, the practical application of international law, global investment procedures and transactions, including international commercial matters and/or the law of international organizations. Extensive knowledge of business law and practice relating to mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance, private equity, real estate and other commercial transactions. In-depth knowledge of the legal documentation and processes relating to institutional investments in public and private markets. Ability to apply legal expertise to analyzing a diverse range of complex and unusual legal issues and problems and in developing innovative and creative solutions in handling legal matters. Knowledge of various contract management resources, strong analytical skills and ability to conduct comprehensive legal research on a range of issues, including those of a unique and/or complex nature and ability to conduct research and analyze information on a wide range of investment and contract management issues; proficiency in legal writing and expression and ability to prepare briefs, opinions, or legal submission/motions, and a variety of legal instruments or related documents. Ability to apply concepts and procedures and terminology for review, examination, and processing of a range of legal documents. Ability to interpret and apply legislative instruments, develop and present results, recommendations, and opinions clearly and concisely. Ability to draft formal documents and work under pressure. Ability to apply discretion and sound judgment in applying legal expertise to sensitive, complex legal issues and in the context of assignments given. Strong negotiating skills and ability to influence others to reach agreement. Ability to work to tight deadlines and handle multiple concurrent projects/cases. Shows pride in work and in achievements; demonstrates professional competence and mastery of subject matter; is conscientious and efficient in meeting commitments, observing deadlines and achieving results; is motivated by professional rather than personal concerns; shows persistence when faced with difficult problems or challenges; remains calm in stressful situations. Takes responsibility for incorporating gender perspectives and ensuring the equal participation of women and men in all areas of work. Planning and Organizing. Develops clear goals that are consistent with agreed strategies. Identifies priority activities and assignments; adjusts priorities as required. Allocates appropriate amount of time and resources for completing work. Foresees risks and allows for contingencies when planning. Monitors and adjusts plans and actions as necessary. Uses time efficiently. Communication: Speaks and writes clearly and effectively; listens to others, correctly interprets messages from others and responds appropriately; asks questions to clarify and exhibits interest in having two-way communication; tailors language, tone, style and format to match audience; demonstrates openness in sharing information and keeping people informed.Managerial Competencies Managing Performance: Delegates the appropriate responsibility, accountability and decision-making authority; makes sure that roles, responsibilities and reporting lines are clear to each staff member; accurately judges the amount of time and resources needed to accomplish a task and matches task to skills; monitors progress against milestones and deadlines; regularly discusses performance and provides feedback and coaching to staff; encourages risk-taking and supports creativity and initiative; actively supports the development and career aspirations of staff; appraises performance fairly. Judgement/Decision-making: Identifies the key issues in a complex situation, and comes to the heart of the problem quickly; gathers relevant information before making a decision; considers positive and negative impacts of decisions prior to making them; takes decisions with an eye to the impact on others and on the Organization; proposes a course of action or makes a recommendation based on all available information; checks assumptions against facts; determines the actions proposed will satisfy the expressed and underlying needs for the decision; makes tough decisions when necessary.9. Earnings Potential/Average Yearly Earnings /Starting Pay/Max PayAverage yearly salary: 180,000Starting pay: 15,000Max pay: 15,00010. Work Requirements/List & Explain Work Tasks /List & Explain Work Tools/TechnologyWorks in the area of international commercial law and independently handles a wide range of highly complex, and often sensitive and/or conflicting legal matters involving issues relating to international, public, private commercial and administrative law, to include interpretation and application of instruments in that area. Provides advice on all legal aspects of the Fund’s investments and related investment activities, in consultation with OIM, where required, including the negotiation of a wide range of agreements and documents relating to the investment of multiple classes of assets in global public and private markets, as well as associated custody, advisory and other related arrangements. Provides legal advice on a wide range of highly complex international investment transactions in sectors such as private equity, real estate and infrastructure. Provides legal advice on the interpretation of legal instruments and legislation (as applicable) as well as UN and UNJSPF regulations, rules, and policies. Provides advice on all legal aspects of the investments and related investment activities of the United Nations Secretariat, in consultation with UN Treasury, where required, including the negotiation of a wide range of agreements and documents relating to investments and banking, as well as associated custody, advisory and other related arrangements. Coordinates with external legal advisors. Supervises the work of other legal officers dealing with legal questions related to the investment of the assets of the UNJSPF, the UNU Endowment Fund UN Treasury matters, Substantial Contract and Procurement matters or other matters. Provides legal advice on a diverse range of highly complex or novel substantive and procedural questions of law relating to the investment activities of the Fund. Organizes and supervises research studies and the preparation of legal opinions, as well as performs extensive legal research and analysis on highly complex or novel legal issues/questions and prepares legal opinions, studies, briefs, reports, and correspondence. Undertakes the review and drafting and/or supervision of drafting of highly complex or novel contracts, agreements, institutional and operational modalities, legal submissions, and other legal documents; develops new legal modalities to meet unique needs/circumstances. Advises on and supervises the review, negotiations and drafting of legal instruments, documents or submissions required in connection with the resolution of commercial disputes, as well as contracts, agreements, and other legal documents; develops new legal modalities to meet unique needs/circumstances. Supervises the defence and pursuit of claims, negotiates settlement of major claims and prepares legal documentation relating to such settlements. Provides legal advice to senior officials on the interpretation of legal instruments. Serves in various standing boards, committees, ad hoc working groups and task forces of the UNJSPF and/or the UN Secretariat, as required; promotes the work of the United Nations and represents the Organization at meetings, conferences, seminars, etc. Contributes to the review and design of new, or new applications of, legal instruments, policy, guidelines, systems, etc. Supervises and participates in preparing legal publications of the unit. Performs other duties as assigned.11. Describe the benefits of the position. Medical, dental?There is dental, vision and medical benefits with UNITAD. For dental, they give you yearly 3000 to spend and for medical its 10,000 and for Vision its 1000

For part 1 and 2 it should be 200-300 words for each part using references that are based in the United States and also websites only. Part 1 Discuss the importance of preparing financial plans and how an entrepreneur might use financial projections and financial ratio analysis. Part 2 Is information on the Internet truly free, or should intellectual property such as copyrighted music or software be protected? What are some steps that might be taken to protect this property? Keep in mind to integrate Saint Leo core value of integrity, as it applies to this case. Responses for each case discussion question should be in paragraph form and be approximately 250-300 words in length for each question. Also, use references that are based in the United States and they are websites. Part 3 Technological advances have resulted in profound changes in society. One of the greatest transformations is the collection, storage, and use of personal information. Access to personal information originates from many different sources, often without the individual being fully aware of it. Businesses may endeavor to use this information to recruit strong “employee applicants, offer more attractive products or services to prospective consumers, package desirable investment options to potential investors, and so on. But, the risk that this information will fall into the wrong hands or be used for criminal purposes is ever present. In August 2014, the Department of Homeland Security announced that breaches of company safeguards meant to protect personal information had occurred at more than 1,000 American businesses already that year. This situation was so dire that some security analysts said that it had become the exception if businesses’ information systems had not been compromised. Criminals had become astonishingly adept at breaking into company records. They had learned how to scan corporate information systems for remote access opportunities—a vendor with remote access to a company’s system, for example, or employees with the ability to work remotely—and then deploy computers to guess their usernames and passwords until they found a working combination. They used these footholds to virtually crawl through corporate networks until they gained access to in-store cash register systems. From there, they collected payment card data and sent it back to their servers, often outside the United States. Millions of American consumers’ payment card details were allegedly sold on the black market to criminals all over the world. Some of the more significant break-ins are described below. ∙At Home Depot, the nation’s largest home improvement retailer, 56 million credit card accounts were compromised, and 53 million e-mail addresses were exposed. Cybercriminals targeted the firm’s 7,500 self-checkout lanes, since these terminals were clearly referenced in their computer systems as payment terminals. Analysts believed that the intruders went undetected as they moved around Home Depot’s systems during regular daytime business hours and designed their malware to collect data, transmit it to an outside system, and then erase its tracks before the company’s detection systems could discover the attack. ∙At Target, a global retailer with revenues approaching $100 billion annually, an estimated 40 million shoppers’ information was exposed. More than 17 million new credit cards had to be reissued following the attack, at an estimated cost of more than $200million to the financial institutions involved. ∙Anthem, one of the nation’s largest health insurers, had up to 80 million records accessed by cybercriminals; these included Social Security numbers, birthdays, physical and e-mail addresses, employment information and income data for customers and employees, including the company’s own chief executive. Anthem officials became aware of the breach when one of their senior administrators noticed that someone was using his identity to request information from the company’s database. “This is one of the worst breaches I have ever seen,” said Paul Stephens, director of Privacy Rights Clearinghouse. ∙A cyberattack at Japan Airlines, one of the Japan’s two largest airlines, exposed the personal information of more than 750,000 members of their frequent-flier program. The stolen data included names, genders, birth dates, addresses, e-mail addresses, and places of work. The company noticed that their customer information systems were running slowly for a few days; it later estimated that 190,000 customers’ data were stolen during this time. ∙Twitter, the online social networking service, announced that data for 250,000 of its users were vulnerable after it detected unusual access patterns and discovered their systems had been compromised. Accessed were usernames, e-mail addresses, and encrypted passwords. Some believed that the company’s systems were entered through a well-publicized vulnerability in Oracle’s Java software, a system installed on more than 3 billion devices.” As these examples show, various weaknesses in companies’ software systems can leave customers’ information vulnerable to theft (although most credit card companies have fraud protection programs that eliminate any liability for their customers when their cards are fraudulently used). Many companies were deeply worried about the growing risks of cyberattack, and major financial institutions wanted to minimize their potential liability from the fraudulent use of customer data. How could these companies better protect themselves and their customers? Some firms realized they needed to upgrade security measures within their computer systems to limit access by vendors at remote sites and to require employees working off-site to better secure their computers or other devices with more complex and more difficult-to-detect passwords. Another possible protection afforded to customers was to upgrade credit and debit cards, using technology first developed and adopted in Europe. So-called EMV cards (for Europa-MasterCard-Visa, the companies that first backed this new technology), easily recognized by their gold, square symbols, were designed to be inserted into a card payment terminal, where they stayed until the transaction was completed. EMVs were more secure, since they were embedded with a special chip that made it harder to access information than from the magnetic strip used on most cards in the United States. EMV cards also created a unique code for each transaction, making them more difficult to counterfeit than striped cards. Credit card networks embraced the new technology and established October 2015 as the deadline for most U.S. retailers to upgrade their payment systems to accommodate EMV cards. Merchant Warehouse, which processed credit and debit card transactions for 80,000 U.S. merchants, reported however that only 60 percent of its clients’ locations would be able to meet that deadline. A major reason for the delay was cost, estimated to be between $500 and $1,000 per payment terminal. Some big retailers, including Walmart, Kroger, and Target, were aggressive in their upgrades and expected to meet the deadline. “We saw the fact that it was being implemented in the U.K. and many other countries around the globe; we saw the fraud decrease once this solution was implemented,” said a Walmart financial executive. By 2015, all of the 4,838 Walmart stores, including Sam’s Clubs, had the chip-based hardware in place and nearly 1,000 had turned it on. Another concern was the cost of creating and distributing these new cards. By 2014 about 1 billion credit and debit cards were in use in the United States, but just 20 million chip cards had been issued, according to Smart Card Alliance. The new cards could cost up to $2 each, compared to pennies for the magnetic-strip cards. With some financial institutions issuing millions of cards, the investment was in the tens of millions of dollars. The increasing costs for security raised an important issue: Who should pay for protection against cyberattacks? Should it be the retailers or the banks? Predictably, banks said retailers should pay to reissue the new and safer cards after a security breach in which the retailer had been at fault. Retailers countered by saying that banks should take steps to keep cards secure so they cannot be corrupted. This debate made its way to the U.S. Congress, where lawmakers began to examine the issue at a Senate banking committee hearing on data security issues. Sources: “U.S. Finds ‘Backoff’ Hacker Tool Is Widespread,” The New York Times, August 22, 2014, bits.blogs.nytimes.com; “Home Depot Hackers Exposed 53 million Email Addresses,” The Wall Street Journal, November 6, 2014, online.wsj.com; “What Did the Target Hack Really Cost? The Numbers Trickle In,” The Wall Street Journal, February 18, 2014, blogs.wsj.com; “Anthem Hacking Points to Security Vulnerability of Health Care Industry,” The New York Times, February 5, 2015, www.nytimes.com; “J.P. Morgan Says About 76 Million Households Affected by Cyber Breach,” The Wall Street Journal, October 2, 2014, online.wsj.com; “Japan Airlines Reports Hacker Attacks,” The Wall Street Journal, September 30, 2014, online.wsj.com; “PF Chang Hack Hit 33 Restaurants for 8 Months,” PCWorld, August 4, 2014, www.pcworld.com; “Twitter Hacked: Data for 250,000 Users May Be Stolen,” The New York Times, February 4, 2013, bits.blogs.nytimes.com; “In a Cyber Breach, Who Pays, Banks or Retailers?” The Wall Street Journal, January 12, 2014, online.wsj.com; and “Why U.S. Retailers Are Still Vulnerable to Card Fraud,” Bloomberg Businessweek, April 10, 2014, www.businessweek.com” What are the benefits and risks to consumers of using paperless, electronic systems to pay for products and services both online and in stores? Do the benefits to consumers justify the risks, or not?Do you think technology will be able to stay ahead of sophisticated cybercriminals, or not? Why do you think so?