I’m stuck on a English question and need an explanation.

Review the Culture slidesRead the article listed: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/can-cultural-issues-cause-plane-crashes-fabrizio-poli/Review one of the accidents discussed in the articleCulture can come in many forms and sizes from small niche groups to nationwide. Write a post that includes:One group attribute (does not need to be limited to an item from the reading or presentation) that you believe is important in the aviation industryFrom the accident you reviewed, was this attribute present and did it play a role in the errors leading to the accident?Discuss how this particular trait may be in conflict or aligned with other cultural groups (whether corporate, industrial, regional, or national). This could be from experience or study.Note: this discussion need not be personal in nature; however, culture can be a sensitive topic. Care will be taken that posts and responses will be respectful.Respond to another classmate’s post with a meaningful contribution to the conversation. (optional) carry on that conversation to gain further insightafter that, reply to this persons article:One group attribut I find very important in the aviation industry is mutual communication. It’s so important becaus pilots have co-pilots for a reason, they’re not just there to make jokes and make the trip more fun. It’s very important to listen and communicate with your co-pilot as you fly along your route. In the Accident of Korean Air Flight 801 mutual communication was present and did play a role in the errors leading to the accident. The pilot decided not to listen to the flight engineer when he was sure that the signal was not the glide slope indicator. This led the aircraft to crash into a mountain. This is an obvious lack of mutual communication.Mutual communication is very important around the world, and I do think that every culture uses mutual communication. With this accident, that was partly caused by mutual communication, it’s hard to believe that this happens all the time. I do believe that, while Korea may have had cultural issues because of it being hierarchial, it’s not what mainly caused all of these crashes. The lack of mutual communication happens everywhere from time to time, but I do know that every culture sees mutual communication an important trait.

I’m working on a management question and need support to help me understand better.

Cost of CapitalIn the links below, you will explore how companies compute their cost of capital by computing a weighted average of the three major components of capital: debt, preferred stock, and common equity. The firm’s cost of capital is a key element in capital budgeting decisions and must be understood in order to justify capital projects. Cost of Capital For this Discussion, imagine the following scenario:You are the director of operations for your company, and your vice president wants to expand production by adding new and more expensive fabrication machines. You are directed to build a business case for implementing this program of capacity expansion. Assume the company’s weighted average cost of capital is 13%, the after-tax cost of debt is 7%, preferred stock is 10.5%, and common equity is 15%. As you work with your staff on the first cut of the business case, you surmise that this is a fairly risky project due to a recent slowing in product sales. As a matter of fact, when using the 13% weighted average cost of capital, you discover that the project is estimated to return about 10%, which is quite a bit less than the company’s weighted average cost of capital. An enterprising young analyst in your department, Harriet, suggests that the project is financed from retained earnings (50%) and bonds (50%). She reasons that using retained earnings does not cost the firm anything since it is cash you already have in the bank and the after-tax cost of debt is only 7%. That would lower your weighted average cost of capital to 3.5% and make your 10% projected return look great.Based on the scenario above, post your reactions to the following questions and concerns:What is your reaction to Harriet’s suggestion of using the cost of debt only? Is it a good idea or a bad idea? Why? Do you think capital projects should have their own unique cost of capital rates for budgeting purposes, as opposed to using the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) or the cost of equity capital as computed by CAPM? What about the relatively high risk inherent in this project? How can you factor into the analysis of the notion of risk so that all competing projects that have relatively lower or higher risks can be evaluated on a level playing field?

Assume that the IRS disallowed $300,000 of expenses from three years of Jim’s corporate
income tax returns and that because the corporation was an S-corporation, the additional taxable
income was flowed through to Jim and Jane’s personal tax returns (form 1040), which had been
filed jointly for all three years.Jim calls and wants to come in to discuss his options in dealing with the following situation: he
received a letter from the IRS auditor asking for consent to be assessed about $100,000 in
additional tax, $20,000 in penalties, and $15,000 in interest on the tax and penalties. The letter
states he has 30 days to request an appeal and file a Protest stating clearing why he disagrees
with the auditor’s determination and what evidence he has shown to support his corporate
deductions.
He would like you to represent him and Jane as to their jointly filed form 1040.
The IRS disallowed the following approximate expenses, for the reasons stated below, over a 3
year period:
a) Travel: $ 75,000 — insufficient proof to show business purpose of travel $ 50,000
b) Auto: $ 50,000 – insufficient proof of business use of autoc) Meals @50%): $ 60,000 – insufficient proof of business entertainment expenses
d) Promotional Expenses: $ 30,000 — business gifts e) Insurance: $250,000 – unreasonable/excessive captive insurance paid 1) Explain what documentation Jim would need to provide to you to support that these
deductions should be allowed.
[note: the following questions will require you review my 2 page handout (e-mailed to you
and/or handed out on the first day of class). Also do some Google searches to find the answers]
2) What if the 30 days has passed, and the IRS Issues a Notice of Deficiency. How much time
do Jim and Jane have to avoid assessment of the tax and have the IRS auditor’s finding re-
determined?
3) What steps do Jim and Jane need to take now to avoid assessment of the tax until a re-
determination can be made?
4) Where (what website) do you find the forms necessary to complete to avoid the assessment of
the tax until there is a re-determination of the auditor’s findings?
5) What will happen during the time Jim and Jane file papers for a re-determination of the
auditor’s findings and the time the final tax assessment is entered into the IRS computer and a
balance due letter is mailed?

respond to the following discussion post with a response as a peer. Have at least 1 reference and 150-200 a word count. According to Shi & Singh (2019), the primary reason for unsuccessful regulations in health care costs is because system-wide cost controls are difficult to implement in a purchaser/provider or quasi-market system vs single-payer systems that can be controlled with national regulations. Reasons for escalating costs are intertwined in complex ways making it difficult to make singular changes without affecting other factors. Providers and managed care organizations can establish their own fees, creating competition from employers shopping for best rates and providers with favorable fee schedules. Additionally, there are portions of the market-based systems that are controlled by government regulations. To alleviate the loss of revenue or underpayment from the government-regulated portion, market-based plans may increase costs of other services to help offset. One example of this is the rising cost of prescription drugs. Medicare is unable to negotiate the price it pays for medication therefore manufacturers can set the price and this price may increase as they see fit (Mortimer, 2019). An example of this was the 500% increase in Epi-pen costs a few years back as well as insulin prices. The increased price is then passed on to the patient or insurance company. Another example of this is the constant changing of formulas used to calculate reimbursement rates. Companies can find a way to circumvent government regulations by changing the costs that they control. I personally think that regulations have also been unsuccessful because people like the idea of choice. Some resist government regulations that can set prices and contain costs because that means they would give up choice and, in some minds, their freedom. Others are skeptical because the government has not had the best track record at managing national programs and costs.Mortimer, Sasha (2019). U.S. companies continue to pay more in healthcare as the cost of drugs keeps rising. Biospace. U.S. Companies Continue to Pay More in Healthcare as the Cost of Drugs Keeps Rising | BioSpace.Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2019). Delivering health care in America (delivering health care in America: A systems approach) (7th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

I don’t understand this History question and need help to study.

Chapter 13: Mongol Eurasia and its Aftermath, 1200-1500.Discussion Question: Using your textbook – and research from the internet if you wish – answer the following:The Mongols created the largest empire in history to that point, and the largest contiguous land empire ever. However, their rule was short-lived, lasting only from 1206 – 1368. Historians have debated the causes for the demise of the Mongol Empire. One argument reads: “The weaknesses of the Mongols lay more in their economic administration than in their violence or rapacity.” Respond to this statement in your essay — was the primary weakness of the Mongols their violence or their economic and administrative abilities? Use Book: Richard W. Bulliet, et. al., The Earth and Its Peoples, vol. 1: to 1550, 7th (Cengage Advantage Books, 2019), ISBN-13: 9781337401487.Note, this Discussion is worth DOUBLE POINTS, so post accordingly. Here is an example: I believe that the primary weakness of the Mongols was their economic and administrative abilities. The Mongolian people “never moved out of their home territories in Mongolia. Now they welcomed back refugees from the Yuan collapse” after the Chinese’s empire was under the Ming dynasty (334). The conquest of the Mongolians resulted in a decrease of China’s population. The Ming Empire was controlled by Chinese leader Zhu Yuanzhang, who blamed the Mongols chaos for the loss of his parents and other family members. Mongols were able to sustain a structured government through organizing China into different providences that had “appointment of provincial governors, tax collectors, and garrison commanders” to work in their own areas (333). The Mongol’s had corporations “handled most economic activities, starting with financing caravans and expanding into tax farming and lending money” to the aristocracy (334). However, the Mongols were not satisfied with the amount of money these corporations were bringing in which led to a money shortage. They ended up cutting trade with Japan to be able to keep the value of the copper coins. The Yuan even raised taxes which led to farmers being evicted. I believe that the Mongols were able to create a strong base foundation, but they were weak in the aspects of keeping the community thriving and safe.