A)  Write a short paragraph (around 5 lines each) outlining the significance of FOUR of the following themes we have discussed in class with regard to their relation to the course’s focus on art, politics, and nationalism. 
1)Symbolism https://ccle.ucla.edu/pluginfile.php/4415266/mod_resource/content/0/6b%29%20Analysis%20of%20Avetik%20Isahakyans%20Abu%20Lala%20Mahari.pdf
Avetik Isahakyan Abu-Lala-Mahari 2021 ppt week 6, Lec 2.

Both lectures from week 2?
group of writers embarked on the search for a new, hitherto unexpressed spiritual dimension through the vehicle of Symbolism
Only the artist, specifically the poet have understood the deeper meaning of life and understood it somewhat, not in all its fullness

As a result, they stammer it’s immortal sounds
The role of poetry and art are presented as the highest form of cognition and expression 

The scientist reifies and subdues nature
Even the poet and artist stammer bc their role is to present not truth but allusion, a suggestion/indication by means of symbols about some deeper truth which cannot be directly expressed in propositional logic

From lecture notes: Only poets have understood it somewhat and they stammer its immortal sounds . . . Role of poetry and art as the highest form of expression, above the politician, priest, philosopher, scientist (reifying and subduing nature). “stammer” because allusion, suggestion, indication, symbols about some deeper truth which cannot by definition be directly expressed in propositional logic. To do that would be inauthentic, word as a concept-cage. Yet in so doing to distort its true being, to draw into space and time that which is beyond it. Issue of transcendence. 

2)Socialism (in an Armenian context)

a system of social organization in which private property and the distribution of income are subject to social control. 
The working class versus capitalists in terms of a context of industrialization.
Gradual emergence of the socialist theory and practice.
Madras group in 1776, 1786. Their project was built on the sense of understanding the laws of  history on that basis to critique the failures of the past, to build a much more rational project for the achievement of nationalism in the present with a future goal. 
This develops as a result of the enlightenment. —> Communist Manifesto/USSR
Seeking values of social for greater autonomy within the structure of the Ottoman Empire
Armenian political parties (both socialist revolutionary parties)

Hnchakyan Party

Argued for a politically independent Armenia

Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF)

socialist party: seeks to attain their means, attain their ends by revolution.
Reforms for the Armenian community 

3) Dual Attachment (including as it pertains to the Armenian community in the USA) (Week 9 – Lecture A) POLITICS

Theme: Pursuing American Dream 
Major immigration to America from Armenia in the 90s

4)Nagorno Karabakh (Artsakh)
-Week 9 “Born and Died” Ppt 
– Karabagh appears as Artsax, the original Armenian term for the territory. Karabagh (meaning “black orchard”) is a Turkish term.
– in 1923 Stalin apportioned Karabakh to Azerbaijan, separating it from the Armenian Republic by the 9 mile Lachin corridor as an example of Soviet divide and conquer policy in Transcaucasia).
– Armenian public opinion regards the enclave as an integral part of the homeland. “Nailing to the shaft” expresses the involuntary nature of Karabagh’s subordination to Baku.
–  In Karabakh by Gusan Igit  Karabakh was represented in an extremely interesting way. For example, in the poem “I” becomes the subject throughout the final verse (I mourn . . .  I call . . . I want . . . I long . . . I embrace . . .) Karabagh is personified as the addressee of the poet’s words, while the Armenians of the Republic are portrayed as a lover separated from his distant beloved,  the autonomous region of Karabakh, highlighting the partition of the original Armenian homeland.
B) (50 minutes) Passages for identification and comment 
Write notes on FOUR of the following passages citing the author and work and then dealing with such issues as context, speaker(s), addressee(s). Then elaborate the wider significance of the citation within the work as a whole in terms of thought, symbolism etc. with particular reference to the theoretical perspectives of Smith, Gellner, and Anderson, as appropriate. 
1) What is society but an enemy army, with each individual an unchained slave? When has it tolerated the flight of the soul and the soaring of sublime thought?
The Muse of Sheerak -“Fifth Canto” by Avetik Issahakian Reader: 317-334 

Society: “an enemy army” (its norms oppress)
“each individual an unchained slave”
law on the side of the upper class (officer class)
“When has society tolerated the flight of the soul?
“soaring sublime thought”: Overman, outstanding individual, artistic genius.
Society’s good and bad is a whip to turn everybody equally in the same way: Peer pressure and conformism regardless of the policies and political philosophy. No one state is better than another.

This quote comes from Avetik Issahakian’s The Muse of Sheerak, “Fifth Canto.” 
2)  Stop, stop. We’re Armenian. We need traditional theater. Brecht, Ionesco, Becket are for nations with full stomachs. But we, thank God, are not full yet.
From: Berj Zeytuntsyan: Born and Died (1995)
This quote comes from Berj Zeytuntsyan’s Born and Died.  
The speaker is the director and he is in conversation with the actor
The traditions of Armenian theater are contrasted with Brecht, Ionesco, Becket. The     latter are for well-fed nations. “we’re not well-fed yet, thank God!” Significance?
i.e. stuffed, satiated, jejune, déjà vu, bored with the ordinary, everyday.
In contrast Armenians have an enormously challenging lifestyle simply to make ends meet.
3) Custom and tradition are really strange things. A man works his head off, struggles to make a living while we three women are comfortably settled here at home, without a care, and sleep soundly at night. Why? That’s the custom! How absurd!
The Bride by Zabel Asadour PG. 229

Speaker: Arousiag

4)I used to smile. Oh, oh you should have seen me when I used to. Barefoot, I would run to the hills and I would sit under the cool summer sky . . . for it was cool on the hills in summer. I would smile at the sky and then my eyes would fill with tears.
—Smile like that again.
—No more. No more.
—No more for me, only for Agate.
—Her I knew when I was twenty-five and she was twelve. I was promised to her.
B)  (One hour)           Essay
Discuss its relevance to TWO or THREE of the works we have read with particular reference to the theoretical perspectives of Smith, Gellner, and Anderson. Try to provide a clear thesis, organize your essay carefully, and give particular examples to support your general assertions. 
Topic: Art (including literature) and politics have been juxtaposed, opposed, reconciled, subordinated to one another, and have undergone many other developments in Armenian society from the 18th to the 21st century. Explore a number of variations in the interaction of these two components in society as reflected in some of the texts we have read this term.
(week 7 – Taniel Varuzhan and Neopaganism)

Response to AAron:
The text states that rehabilitation is the planned correctional intervention that targets to change the internal and social criminogenic factors with the goal of reducing recidivism and where, possible, of improving other aspects of an offender’s life (Cullen & Jonson, 2017). The text goes on to state that there are five components to this definition. The intervention is undertaken by the correctional system. This means that any intervention or rehabilitation efforts are taken over by the correctional system and likely in a secure facility. Although it is important to clarify that secure correctional facilities may not be the best environment to undergo rehabilitation and treatment The intervention is also planned, meaning that it is designed to have specific features and will be administered by knowledgeable and experienced personnel who specialize in this particular field of study. This is because many correctional workers do not have the expertise or the resources to successfully fulfill intervention efforts. Intervention is meant to target for change the factors that are causing the offender’ criminality. In other words all the factors such as antisocial attitudes and features as well as antisocial relationships are analyzed and targeted as well. The interventions main goal is to reduce recidivism. By knowing what works in rehabilitation, recidivism can be decreased a significant amount among offenders. Reducing recidivism is also critical in protecting the public. Lastly, intervention may also help improve the lives of offenders by addressing some of the issues that caused them to be criminal in the first place such as behavioral and psychological issues (Cullen & Jonson, 2017). Important to note that some issues that offenders have that increase recidivism are not addressed until they enter the criminal justice system such as mental health issues (Cox et al, 2018). Rehabilitation is utilitarian with the purpose of reforming the offender. Its key correctional policies are treatment programs, probation and parole as well as the juvenile justice system. Rehabilitation is an important correctional theory because if society simply adheres to the incapacitation theory of crime without rehabilitation and treatment efforts, those offenders simply reenter society no better than when they went in. Rehabilitation has a number of challenges to overcome, namely cost and personnel as well as the desire from society to adhere more retribution and incapacitation efforts rather than rehabilitation. Part of the issue is knowing what works and what does not work. Firstly, evidence regarding research programs needs to be evaluated. There are four essential steps in reviewing the evidence. Firstly you must conduct all the evidence you can from studies, both published and unpublished. Failure to do so may bias your results and won’t encompass all the crucial information. Secondly, you would decide which of the studies should be included in your review. You would like to include program evaluation. Different types of experiments will yield different results that will give you a well-rounded view of the information you’ve chosen to study. Failing to fully research the experiments can lead to misleading information due to flawed experiments. Thirdly, how will you convey your information after it is compiled? Meta-analysis or narrative reviews are effective ways to show what you have found. The method in which you use is important because it can also change the overall conclusion. Lastly you must conclude your review and interpret what the studies mean (Cullen & Jonson, 2017). The text goes on to state that across numerous studies that one type if intervention is the most reliable in achieving high reductions in recidivism. That intervention program is cognitive behavioral programs. They focus on doing two things: they try to cognitively restructure the distorted thinking of an individual which are sometimes called “thinking errors”, they try to assist the person to learn new adaptive cognitive skills. These programs attempt to define the problems that led to conflict with law enforcement as well as criminal behavior. The program then sets goals and attempts to generate prosocial solutions and then implement new solutions (Cullen & Jonson, 2017). The text goes on to state that a cognitive behavioral program within corrections would follow a series of steps. The predominant antisocial beliefs of the offender in question are identified. The offender is then told that their beliefs are not socially acceptable. The offender is exposed to alternative prosocial ways of thinking and behaving. Courses in therapy or anger management are also encouraged. Eventually the offender’s behavior is shaped into an appropriate level. Just as there are more effective programs to reduce recidivism, there are also programs that would likely never work. Punishment-oriented programs that emphasize punishment and deterrence have been shown to have little effect on offenders. While these programs may have some value to conservatives who enjoy the retributive nature of these programs, they ultimately serve nor purpose just as retribution does. Character building programs are a subcategory of punitive approaches that try to break the offender’s identity down and rebuild them into something more socially acceptable. While the text does not clarify the actual meaning of this practice, it can be implied that it relates to a subject’s emotional identity and personality. Boosting of self-esteem can actually create more confident offenders and non-directive counseling can create an arena for manipulative offenders as they set the tone and agenda (Cullen & Jonson, 2017). Rehabilitation and treatment are not as common because they require a significant effort on the part of personnel to truly be effective. One thing in common between retribution and incapacitation is that it is “easy”. It is easy to punish criminals when society believes they deserve it and easy to simply place them in warehouse prisons away from society. The “away syndrome” does not simply exist in juvenile justice, but also in corrections in general (Cox et al, 2018). When society does not have to think about criminals, they care little about what happens to them including being rehabilitated. Another issue is that simply because a specialist or therapist believes someone to be rehabilitated does not mean society will accept them as so. What if the stigma of being a criminal, even a former offender, never leaves? Could the labeling theory or rather relabeling occur? Barriers that keep it from being more widely used is simply not knowing what works and what does work may be costly. Society can easily get behind incapacitation or retribution because it stimulates the away syndrome and the primal need for vengeance. Society is more resilient to scientific notions even though there is a clear line to progress. “Whoever conceals his transgressions will not prosper, but he who confesses and forsakes them will obtain mercy.” Proverbs 28:13 (King James Bible, 1769/2017). This particular quote makes me think of therapy sessions and how they must be directed in order to obtain the best result possible. Offenders must be willing to be open and honest in t

Module 3 – CaseTHE POLITICAL FRAMEAssignment OverviewIn the Module 3 Case, you will write Chapter 3 of your thesis-style paper – relating to the Political Frame. Using specific examples of “politics” (i.e., the “jungle”) as defined by Bolman and Deal, you will use the Political Frame as a lens through which you will analyze the downfall of Walt Disney Company CEO Michael Eisner.Begin the Module 3 Case by visiting the Walt Disney Company website:The Walt Disney Company. (2014). Retrieved on May 8, 2014 from http://thewaltdisneycompany.com/The following articles provide a good starting point concerning former CEO Eisner’s tenure with the Walt Disney Company: White, D. (2005, Oct 01). When Mickey finally turned on his master. Michael Eisner’s reign at Disney is over. Dominic White reports. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved from Proquest. Consider Michael Karpeles’ article relating to politics in the Disney boardroom: Karpeles, M. D. (2005). Boardroom lessons from the Disney/Ovitz case. Corporate Board, 26(155), 6-10. Retrieved on June 10, 2014 from EBSCO – Business Source Complete. Finally, read the following case study: Forbes, W., & Watson, R. (n.d.). Destructive corporate leadership and board loyalty bias: A case study of Michael Eisner’s long tenure at Disney Corporation. City University London. Retrieved on June 10, 2014 from http://www.cass.city.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/56372/2A_Forbes.pdfCase AssignmentAfter you have reviewed the contents of the Walt Disney Company website, completed the above readings and those provided at the Background page of Module 3, and performed additional research from the library and the internet, write a 6- to 7-page paper in which you do the following:Using the following five assumptions of the Political Frame, complete an in-depth assessment of the Walt Disney Company:Organizations are coalitions of diverse individuals and interest groups.There are enduring differences among coalition members in values, beliefs, information, interests, and perceptions of reality.Most important decisions involve allocating scarce resources—who gets what.Scarce resources and enduring differences make conflict central to organizational dynamics and underline power as the most important asset.Goals and decisions emerge from bargaining, negotiation, and jockeying for position among competing stakeholders.Keys to the AssignmentThe key aspects of this assignment that are to be covered in your 6- to 7-page paper include the following:Using Bolman and Deal’s Political Frame, analyze the political behaviors surrounding the departure of Disney CEO Michael Eisner. Specifically, address the following:Briefly identify and discuss the key political forces that led to Eisner’s downfall.How does the “Jungle” metaphor apply to the Eisner case?Describe the coalitions that formed at Disney. Then, identify those salient interests that caused the division between coalitions, and how these differences were ultimately resolved.Discuss the Eisner case study in the context of two or three of Bolman and Deal’s Political Frame assumptions included above. How do the assumptions you’ve chosen inform what happened in the Michael Eisner case? Briefly comment on the significance of the “Toxic Triangle” (see Figure 1 of Forbes & Watson’s case study about Eisner’s departure), and discuss how this model informs the Eisner case study.The background readings will not give you all the answers to the Case. Therefore, you are required to perform some research in the library, and use a minimum of 3-4 scholarly sources from the library to support and justify your understanding of the case.Your paper must demonstrate evidence of critical thinking (if you need tips on critical thinking, http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/college-and-university-students/799 is an excellent resource). Don’t simply restate facts – instead, be sure to interpret the facts you have accumulated from your research.Remember that the Module 4 Case will also serve as Chapter 4 of your session-long thesis-style paper.Assignment Expectations Your paper will be evaluated using the following five (5) criteria:Assignment-Driven Criteria: Does the paper fully address all Keys to the Assignment? Are the concepts behind the Keys to the Assignment addressed accurately and precisely using sound logic? Does the paper meet minimum length requirements?Critical thinking: Does the paper demonstrate graduate-level analysis, in which information derived from multiple sources, expert opinions, and assumptions has been critically evaluated and synthesized in the formulation of a logical set of conclusions? Does the paper address the topic with sufficient depth of discussion and analysis?Business Writing: Is the paper well-written (clear, developed logically, and well-organized)? Are the grammar, spelling, and vocabulary appropriate for graduate-level work? Are section headings included in all papers? Are paraphrasing and synthesis of concepts the primary means of responding to the Keys to the Assignment, or is justification/support instead conveyed through excessive use of direct quotations?Effective Use of Information (Information Literacy): Does the paper demonstrate effective research, as evidenced by student’s use of relevant and quality sources? Do additional sources used in paper provide strong support for conclusions drawn, and do they help in shaping the overall paper?Citing Sources: Does the student demonstrate understanding of APA Style of referencing, by inclusion of proper end references and in-text citations (for paraphrased text and direct quotations) as appropriate? Have all sources (e.g., references used from the Background page, the assignment readings, and outside research) been included, and are these properly cited? Have all end references been included within the body of the paper as in-text citations?Module 3Required resources: Bolman, L. G. & Deal, T. E. (2003). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership (3rd ed.). San Francisco: John Wiley. Hogan, R. L. (n.d). Chapter 9: Power, conflict, and coalitions. Eastern Illinois University. Retrieved on May 12, 2014 from http://www.eiu.edu/~lhogan/Bolman%20&%20Deal%20ch09.ppt Jacobs, R. M. (n.d.). Theories of practice: The political frame. Villanova University. Retrieved on May 1, 2014 from http://www83.homepage.villanova.edu/richard.jacobs/MPA%208002/Powerpoint/8002%20MPA/political.pptKarpeles, M. D. (2005). Boardroom lessons from the Disney/Ovitz case. Corporate Board, 26(155), 6-10. Retrieved on June 10, 2014 from EBSCO – Business Source Complete. White, D. (2005, Oct 01). When Mickey finally turned on his master. Michael Eisner’s reign at Disney is over. Dominic White reports. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on June 10, 2014 from Proquest. Optional resources: Forbes, W., & Watson, R. (n.d.). Destructive corporate leadership and board loyalty bias: A case study of Michael Eisner’s long tenure at Disney Corporation. City University London. Retrieved on June 10, 2014 from http://www.cass.city.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/56372/2A_Forbes.pdfHolson, L. M. (2005, September 26). A quiet departure for Eisner at Disney. The New York Times. Retrieved on June 10, 2014 from: http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/26/business/media/26eisner.html

you must also post substantive responses to at least two of your classmates’ or instructor’s posts in this thread. Your response should include elements such as follow-up questions, further exploration of topics from the initial post, or requests for further clarification or explanation on some points made by your classmates.

Providing evidence or information from external sources in your posts will strengthen the points you are making and improve your overall score on the weekly Discussion Board activity.

Peers #1
Hello Everyone,

If we go based on Kotter’s perspective, no you can not be a leader and a manager because of the underlying theory that leaders want to change the world and managers want to maintain the current functions. Leaders want to build upon what is being currently done and drive forward change to benefit the entire company, while managers want to keep everything the status quo and maintain stability for the company (Northouse, 2018)
Zaleznik, however, sees that leaders and managers are distinct and different. Managers want to work to solve the problems of the company from a non-emotional standpoint, while leaders are still performing the same tasks with an emotional attachment to the problem solving (Northouse, 2018).
Personally, I feel that managers can be leaders, and vice versa, but that doesn’t necessarily mean that all leaders are managers, or all managers are leaders. There doesn’t always have to be an emotional connection to figuring out the best way to solve a problem, and there doesn’t always have to be a wish for status quo or a desire for change. Leading your staff, especially as a manager, means supporting them through the mission, vision, and values of the company. While most people don’t necessarily have an emotional attachment or desire to change these aspects, it does take secure leadership and management to create a cohesive workplace. Sometimes this means we are going to be implementing a new system in order to better serve our patients or staff, sometimes this means staying the course. But what is most important is acknowledging your manager is there for your team, in all the ups and downs, and is engaged in what needs to be done to either maintain or progress the teams current work environment.
I look forward to any feedback on this.
Peers # 2
Hello all. Happy week 1.

While leadership and management do have similarities, they both involve people working together to accomplish goals. Both leaders and managers have influence over the people they are working with. They do have distinct differences. Kotter believes that the principal function of a manager is to “provide order and consistency to organizations”. Kotter believes that the main function of a leader is to “produce change and movement”. Zaleznik argues that management and leadership not only serve different functions, but individuals who manage vs. lead are distinctly different types of people. Zaleznik goes so far as to suggest that as managers work to solve problems, they limit the choices of the people they work with. That they are reactive and act with little emotional involvement. In contrast, he describes leaders as people who are involved and emotionally active. He also describes leaders as individuals who “change the way people think about what is possible” (Northouse, 2021).
I think that a person can be both a leader and a manager. What sets leaders and managers apart is a leader’s ability to inspire and empower the people they are working with. I’ve often heard the two described as – managers tell their staff what to do, and leaders inspire their staff to take action. An effective leader can get people to work together, doing tasks they don’t necessarily want to do, in a way that is fulfilling and enjoyable.
It is important to consider because management is associated with establishing order and consistency and leadership is associated with change and movement. These seem like opposing purposes. But work needs to be done and goals need to be achieved. It is very advantageous to have a person that can function to plan, organize and problem-solve in a way that is motivating and inspiring.
Peers # 3

Hi everyone!

Project management provides people with a powerful set of tools that improves their ability to plan, implement, and manage activities to accomplish specific objectives (Larson & Gray, 2014). Project management is also a results-oriented management style that places a premium on building collaborative relationships among a diverse cast of characters (Larson & Gray, 2014). Project management zeros in on work with a defined end point and a specific goal, not the routine day-to-day operations of an organization (Eby, 2020). Healthcare project management concerns any projects that seek to improve the functioning of a healthcare organization. As the industry continues to evolve, there are increasing pressures to save money and be efficient while improving the quality of patient care (Eby, 2020).
In recent years, project management in healthcare has become even more important. With a wide range of issues affecting the evolving industry, project management has become increasingly vital. These issues include new and complicated systems for electronic health records need continual monitoring and improvement, new technologies need tracking and improvement, and new emerging regulations (Eby, 2020). An example of how project management is becoming increasingly more important is improving efficiency of operating room use and improving consistency in operating room start times. Say a hospital identified that it had delayed start times for daily operating room use, often 30 minutes or more after the scheduled start time. With proper project management, the hospital could institute a project that sets up processes to address the various reasons for the delays (Eby, 2020). These reasons could include how patients are prepped, how the operating rooms are staffed, or keeping surgeons on schedule.
-Sabrina
Peers # 4

Good Evening Everyone,

According to Larson & Gray (2014), project management offers a set of tools to help plan, implement, and manage activities to achieve an objective. Project Management has a beginning and an ending. Typically, consisting of four phases: defining, planning, executing, and closing. During the project, “the project manager has the ability to plan, schedule, motivate, and control temporary processes (Larson & Gray, 2014).”
Project management is important to a healthcare organization (HCO) because it helps improve the facilities’ processes, helps control cost, manages risk, and improves patient satisfaction. Gordon & Pollack (2018) states that project management within an HCO can typically help align the organization with a smooth integration process, which could consist of management change, a complication in practice, and streamlined processes that may affect patients or potential patients. Meaning project management can help a facility adapt to changes to address the clinical and financial effects that a new process could hinder.
In my opinion, I do believe it has become more important in recent years. Healthcare is changing each day; therefore, policies are changing, allowing project managers to keep everyone on the same page.

Discussion: Biopsychosocial Holistic ApproachThe assessment and incorporation of a client’s spirituality has become increasingly common in the field of social work. While historically social workers were trained to avoid discussions centered on religion, we now know that spirituality encompasses many ways of believing. “The Society for Spirituality and Social Work is a network of social workers and other helping professionals dedicated to spiritually sensitive practice and education” (Society for Spirituality and Social Work, n.d.). Addressing a client’s spirituality allows for a biopsychosocial holistic approach that can aid in the process of understanding illness, disability, and end-of-life issues.For this Discussion, review the required resources and locate one scholarly article addressing spirituality with the elderly. By Day 3Post your explanation of the significance of addressing spirituality with the elderly. Identify a spiritually based intervention for this population. Describe the effectiveness of the use of spirituality with the elderly as found in the literature. Then, describe your own thoughts on the use of spirituality in an intervention.Support your posts with specific references to the Learning Resources. Be sure to provide full APA citations for your references.By Day 5Respond to at least two colleagues who chose a different intervention and provide insight and/or feedback. Colleague 1: Kristine Bush In my career as a certified nurse’s assistant, I have come across a lot of elderly who claim to not have a religious preference. The hospital where I work had been catholic in origin for the bigger part of my time there and most of the population we served were of that religious belief system. In the last ten years we have become a nondenominational hospital and have a spiritual care team from different religious backgrounds. When an elderly person tells you that they feel they will not make it through the night, I call on the spiritual care team because they can help ease them in their time of need. They pray with them if needed, call family if needed, or give them someone to talk to that will not judge them. The spiritual care team members are chaplains and have stayed with the person until they have passed so that they were not alone. Connecting elderly with their spiritual selves gives them a sense of calm understanding and acceptance of the natural order of their life.In the article titled Spiritual Well-Being, Spiritual Growth, and Spiritual Care for the Aged: A Cross-Faith and Interdisciplinary Effort, written by Amy L. Ai, PhD (2000) the definition of spiritual well-being is “the affirmation of life in a relationship with God, self, community, and environment that nurtures and celebrates wholeness”. We all want to know and feel that we have done right by our families and children, they are able to thrive, and that we have lasting meaningful relationships and will not be alone at our end, that someone will be with us. I personally have a Christian based faith, and I have found the elderly I interact to relate to that with ease. They talk about their childhood and how it was more community based than we are now, and how they could trust their neighbors and vice versa, and how they helped each other out when needed. A spiritually based intervention could be as simple as helping the elderly find their true self, listening to their concerns, and helping to enlighten them on the situation. I feel like the use of spirituality-based intervention with the elderly will help them justify their life and the path(s) they took. As part of the life span, growing old is a fact of life, how you go about it is what counts. I personally believe that spirituality is part of the development of who we become as older adults. What causes some to be grumpy, stand-offish elders, or sweet elders who will do anything to help and be around anyone who needs them to be there? I believe it is our underlying beliefs and spirituality that shapes the elder we become.ReferenceAi, A. L., PhD. (2000) Spiritual Well-Being, Spiritual Growth, and Spiritual Care for the Aged: A Cross-Faith and Interdisciplinary EffortColleague 2: Antoinette Davis Hello All, Working with clients, I have learned that some clients take their spirituality very seriously. When assessing clients is it always important to ask and see where their stand with spirituality. After reading the article by Monod (2012), I learned that it’s important to address spirituality with elderly clients in order to influence those who are trying to cope with an illness, disability or life-threatening event in their lives. The article also states that spirituality is considered an essential component of the multidimensional approach used in geriatric care of elderly persons. If spirituality is discussed with elderly clients, it can influence clients in a positive way. The article also states that negative manifestations of spirituality may be associated with poorer health outcomes (Monod et al., 2012). I would use a Spiritual Needs Model to find out a client’s spiritual needs. Monod (2012) states that clients in spiritual distress might have a potentially harmful effect on patient’s prognosis and quality of life. A Spiritual Needs Model will look at the client’s spiritual well-being, their behaviors, beliefs, values and attitudes towards spiritual behaviors. It would help because it will give knowledge on what the client needs to help them through the situation.An article I found by Mowat & O’Neil (2016) states that spirituality is a search for meaning with or without God; it recognizes the human need for ultimate meaning in life, whether it is fulfilled through a relationship with God or some sense of another, or whether some other sense of meaning becomes the guiding force within the individual’s life. This same article states that human spirituality can also involve relationships with other people (Mowat & O’Neil (2016).It would be important to assess a client’s spiritual needs in order to help them cope with whatever they are dealing with. When clients believe in high power and the afterlife, it gives them ease and gives them hope for the better. As social workers, it is our job to advocate for them snd provided them with whatever they need. For example, I would try and provide for someone to come in and speak with him/her in order to pray with them and help them cope. It is our job to learn and understand our client’s different religious and spiritual beliefs in order to understand the client and why they may act the way that they do. The more we know and understand the better involved we can be with the client and make sure we are respecting them and showing dignity. ReferencesMonod, S. M., Rochat, E., Büla, C. J., Jobin, G., Martin, E., & Spencer, B. (2010). The spiritual distress assessment tool: An instrument to assess spiritual distress in hospitalized elderly persons. BMC Geriatrics, 10, 88. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.Mowat, H., & O’Neil, M. (2016, August 16). Spirituality and ageing: Implications for the care and support of older people. Retrieved August 08, 2017, from https://www.iriss.org.uk/resources/insights/spirituality-ageing-implications-care-support-older-people