Read Chapters 7 & 8 and the information included in Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson and The Master and the Mistress. Once all reading is complete, respond to the following items:

Why do you think the accusations made by Callender were ignored during Jefferson’s lifetime and later by historians? Why do you think Madison Hemings’ assertions were ignored?
Why do you think Callender’s claims failed to hurt Jefferson politically? Do you think a similar scandal would hurt an American president or elected leader today? Why or why not?
Based on Madison Hemings’ family history, how common was racial intermixing in 18th and 19th century Virginia?
According to Eric Foner, how and why has the work of Annette Gordon-Reed fueled a controversy over the Hemings-Jefferson relationship?
Should his relationship with Sally Hemings influence how we view Jefferson and his place in American history? If no, why not? If yes, how should they influence how we view him?

You are required to submit an initial posting (200 words minimum) that addresses the items above. You are also expected to respond to the posting of at least one other student (100 words minimum). Your response should address why you agree/disagree with their posting, support it with new evidence to bring a new perspective to the topic. 

Below is the peer’s post.
I am not much of a history buff, so this is the first time that I have read that Thomas Jefferson fathered children with one of his African American slaves. I read the assigned chapters before reading the discussion board assignments and I am certainly confused. Jefferson seemed to have a negative view of African Americans stating that they were not as intelligent as white Americans and that they could not live peacefully together. He called for African Americans to be colonized back in Africa to protect the integrity of the United States.
I think that people likely ignored Callenders’ accusations because he was viewed as a criminal seeking to blackmail the president in exchange for a powerful position. His words were likely to be dismissed as lies because of the position he was in. I think this is why Callenders’ accusations did not harm the presidents’ reputation. As we have seen in more recent presidencies, we hold presidents to a high moral standard. Clinton was ostracized because of his sexual scandal; however, the view of interracial marriage and childbearing has changed immensely. A president would not be scandalized today for fathering biracial children. The fact that the children were born out of wedlock may be seen as an issue, but again times are changing and people may be less likely to judge a person based on that situation. If it could be proven however that the relationship between Jefferson and Hemings was coerced or non-consensual in any way it would certainly be seen as Immoral (and even criminal) and would be a huge scandal. We cannot say for sure if the relationship between Hemings and Jefferson was consensual, so we cannot base our assumption on that ideal.
If one was to assess Madison Hemings’ family tree it would seem as if interracial relationships (at least sexual relationships) were very common during the 18th and 19th century in Virginia. One cannot say whether those relationships were consensual or not but racial intermixing appears to be common in Hemings’ family history.
I believe the discovery of this relationship should change our perception of Thomas Jefferson. I am unsure of how much it should actually change his reputation, but it at least shows that he was dishonest, and thus how can we trust everything he thought and did. It is also hard to know what he actually believed in since he appeared to live two quite different lives. His public and private lives do not seem to match.

Begin by reviewing the Media Focus video on bioterrorism Give an example and details from national/international news of a bioterrorist attack.Address all of the following in your post:What was the classification of biological agent used in the attack?Discuss the implications of the biological agent.Discuss the therapy for the biological agent.What are the decontamination procedures for the biological agent used in the attack?Define the appropriate level of PPE required for this type of biological agent?In your post, provide the name of the incident you have chosen, and support your answers with evidence/examples. Please provide a working link and a citation for your source(s). In your replies to peers, compare the different biological agents, their implications and therapies. Discuss the different types of decontamination procedures and levels of PPE that would be required.Support your answer with evidence from scholarly sources.peer 1: Typhoid Fever in 1984According to the CDC, yellow fever is classified as a Category B in which it is, “moderately easy to disseminate, cause moderate morbidity, [and] require enhanced disease surveillance and bublic health diagnostic capacity” (Das & Kataria, 2010). In Oregon of 1984, the Rajneesh cult contaminated local salad bars and other restaurant food receptacles with Salmonella enterica in an attempt to influence local elections. The followers hoped to prevent residents from voting and while, “hundreds were affected, 45 were hospitalized but no fatalities resulted” (Pike, 2011). Therapy for typhoid fever includes antibiotic treatment in which ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were used. The proper decontamination procedures included appropriate handwashing to rid of the bacteria, taking antibiotics as prescribed, and not preparing food for others. In a clinical setting, PPE involves donning gloves when caring for a patient with typohid. Facial protection may also be necessary if there is a possible risk for aerosolization with feces or culture material.Peer 2: Antrax: There have been numerous biological agents used for terrorist attacks throughout the years, but the one that I have decided to write about it Bacillus Anthracis, also known as Antrax. Antrax spores can become in anyone’s pocession because they are easily found in nature, produced in the lab, and last a long time in the environment. In 2001, Antrax spores were placed inside of envelops and letters and were mailed throughout the US postal system. In this incident, 22 people, including 12 mail handlers got antrax and 5 of the 22 ended up dying from it (CDC, ). This agent is known as Tier 1 biological agent because the agents and toxins present the greatest risk of deliberate abuse with the potential for lots of death to occur. There are a few different types of antrax and they all have different implications and symptoms associated with them. Cutaneous Antrax symptoms include: blisters, swelling, and ulcers. Inhalation Antrax symptoms include: fever, chills, cough, dizziness, headache, and sweats. GI Antrax symptoms include: sore throat, fever, chills, painful swallowing, and stomach pain. Injection Antrax symptoms include: swelling around sore, fever, chills, small blisters, and swelling around sore. When it comes to treating this biological agent doctors use antibiotics or antitoxins. Decontamination procedures are done using a few different disinfection sprays such as Sporicidin, Vesphene, Bleach Rite, and SporGon (Heninger, 2009). The proper PPE that needs to be worn for coming into contact with Antrax includes respiratory protection, protective garmets such as coveralls, boot covers, and chemical resistant suits, eye and face protection, and gloves. All of these equipment needs to be worn at all times.

Please provide an aside or constructive feedback to the following two Topics. Do you agree with the analysis presented? Why? Do you have some additional thoughts on the topic? Share them. When providing your feedback present the logic behind it. Topic 1 1. Directions for your Main Entry: The nature – nurture debate has been around for a long time and impacts a variety of areas of research to include personality psychology. Your task this week is to select one (1) of the following topics: Out of the following topics I decided to go with personality theory and the relevance of twin studies. It captured my attention because my father is a twin. My dad and my uncle despite being far apart geographically are a copy and paste of each other over the phone and when we get a moment to fly back to Kenya to see the family. I have always wanted a twin but despite actually having one, I have a cousin who is a week older than me who I consider a twin. In saying my father and his brother are a copy and paste of each other, there are slight differences. They are both people persons, my uncle is more on the talkative and personable side. Take away the topic being interesting, due to the fact that you can be a twin and be semi different or completely different, I also picked the topic because it is relatable. In the article it stated that there has been a lot of research that has shown that about half of peoples differences in personality traits is heritable. In the most recent studies, what’s been reported is that heritability is not fixed, but more so goes down across the life span. So most of the findings are inconsistent and it is yet unclear whether these trends are because of a waning importance of heritable tendencies, attributable to cumulative experiential influences with age, or because of nonlinear patterns suggesting gene and environment interplay. So the four twin samples from Croatia, Finland, Germany, and the United Kingdom, the examinations of age trends in genetic and environmental variance showed evidence for an increasing relative importance of life experiences contributing to personality differences across the life span. Bratko, K. c. (2020). Apa PsycNet. American Psychological Association. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-71590-001. Topic 1 The study of personality seeks to understand differences in the traits of individuals as well as how those traits work together to create an individual. The similarities, or lack thereof, of personality traits between people and why those similarities or differences occur has always fascinated me. Ultimately one of the best ways to investigate how and why personality traits develop is through conducting twin studies. I come from a family with many sets of twins, including my mom and her fraternal brother, and I’ve always wanted to wandered if genetics played a role in their personality development. I chose an article titled “Personality Similarity in Twins Reared Apart and Together.” (Tellegan et al.) that used a large sample of twins to investigate any affect genetics have on personality traits. The study included administering the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire, MPQ, to three different types of twins monozygotic, dizygotic reared-apart, dizygotic reared-together. The results of the study concluded that having a similar growth environment was not as significant as most people think and that genetics did not show any evidence to playing a role in distribution of personality traits. References Teilegen, A., Lykken, D. T., Bouchard Jr., T. J., Wilcox, K. J., & Rich, S. (1988). Personality Similarity in Twins Reared Apart and Together. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 54(6), 1031–1039. https://doi-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1031

Need help with my Psychology question – I’m studying for my class.

To prepare for this Discussion:

Review the Learning Resources.
Review the client case profile for your assigned client.
Consider how risk-taking behavior(s) are impacting the adolescent and his or her family.
Identify protective factor(s) that support wellness and development.
Using  Library, locate 1–2 recent (5 years or less) peer reviewed articles related to the issues affecting your adolescent client.
A summary of the developmental crises your adolescent client is facing.
Describe the risk-taking behavior(s) in which the adolescent is involved, and at least one protective factor that might be influencing his or her level of functioning.
Explain the impact of these behaviors on the adolescent and his or her family.
Justify your response with references to this week’s Learning Resources and 1–2 peer-reviewed articles from the past 5 years.

Name:
Gabby Martinez (F, 16 years)
Presenting Issues:
Gabby and her mother came to counseling together; however, Gabby did not speak in the presence of her mother. Jeannette (F, 46 years) was angry and yelling at Gabby, despite requests for her to please calm down, take a deep breath, and speak more calmly. Mother stated that her daughter is a “slut.” Mother recently learned that Gabby has been having sex, which “goes against everything (her parents) taught her.” Mother also stated that Gabby can no longer be married in their church because she is “damaged goods.” Mother is “horrified by her daughter’s behavior” and “ashamed of her.”
When speaking with Gabby alone, she cried and stated that she loves her boyfriend very much and does not believe that having sex with him is wrong. Gabby stated that the only thing she is upset about right now is that her parents “hate” her; she is afraid she has “disappointed God” because of that. Gabby does admit to having lost her virginity at age 14 under circumstances she regrets; however, she does not think having sex with her current boyfriend is wrong. She has asked for reassurance that she is “still a good girl.”
Cultural Profile:
The family is Latinx. They are Seventh-Day Adventists, and Gabby’s parents are very active in the church. Gabby has strong faith but does not believe the same things her parents do, and clashes often with church doctrine.
Family History:
Both of Gabby’s parents come from large, extended families, with many relatives living within an hour’s drive. The family often gathers for holidays and events. Gabby lives at home with her brother Tommy (M, 4 years) and sister Christina (F, 9 years). Christina was adopted last year; she is Gabby’s biological second cousin. Tommy has Down syndrome and Christina has symptoms of both RAD and PTSD.
In this discussion, you are asked to discuss your adolescent client’s presenting issues, risk-taking behaviors, protective factors, and the impact on the family system. The outline and headings for your main post might look like this (note: do not use bullets in your writing; these are only used below to separate key elements):

Introduction (no heading)

Thesis statement
Overview of adolescent development, challenges, tasks, and identity formation

Presenting Issues

Brief summary of client and presenting issues, including at least one risk-taking behavior
Possible purpose of the risk-taking behavior(s) from developmental perspective. Refer to theories to support your assertions.
Protective factor(s)

Impact

Potential impact of behaviors on adolescent’s development
Potential impact of behaviors on family system

Summary

Synthesize how adolescent behaviors relate to identity development, using client as example
Relevance of this knowledge when counseling adolescents

Module 2: Primary Source Analysis Paper: Introduction
Objective
The purpose of this assignment is to assess students’ ability to analyze complex historical sources and materials and reach conclusions based on interpretations of those materials. 
Directions
Choose one question below and answer by writing a brief analytical essay. The essay should have a clear thesis and main points supported by properly cited primary source evidence. Essays should be uploaded via Canvas no later than the conclusion of Module 3. (Module 3: Primary Source Analysis Paper: Submit Here ) This assignment is 10 percent of your overall grade in the course. 
Begin by indicating the number of the question to which you are responding. The essay should be 500-750 words. The essay format should be double—spaced, using a standard size font and margins (12-point Times New Roman font with standard 1-inch margins). Please see the Chicago Style for guidelines on citing and formatting. The first page of the assignment should include your name, class, and the number of the question you are answering. Chicago Style guide can be found on-line: http://libguides.nvcc.edu/ChicagoTurabian (Links to an external site.) 
Please note acceptable file extension include: .pdf, .docx
Special Note: If you select a prompt for this essay which you previously wrote about for a discussion post in a previous module, your response here should be much more detailed and polished. Do not just cut and paste your original discussion post! Essays which are simply copied from the discussion boards will not receive any points. Edit, expand, and improve!
Questions
How does the “Epic of Gilgamesh (Links to an external site.)” portray the relationship between Sumerians and their gods? What role do the gods play in the narrative, and why might the author(s) have wanted to portray them in this manner? 
How do the Excerpted chapters of Genesis (Links to an external site.) portray the relationship that the Hebrews had with their God? What elements of the stories define this relationship, and why might the author(s) have wanted to portray the relationship in this manner?
How does Aristotle, in “On a Good Wife”, describe the role of women within Greek society?
Link for “On a Good Wife” (Links to an external site.)
How do women in “Antigone” by Sophocles fit the ideals of ancient Greek society?
Link for “Antigone” (Links to an external site.)
Additional Instructions and Information
The most important thing for you to do in your paper is to present an argument as a specific answer to the question given above. Your paper must also focus on the primary source texts. This means that you should read each document carefully, think about it, and form your own point of view about the topic. Once you have your argument, you will want to organize your essay as follows: an introduction, supporting or body paragraphs, and a conclusion.  In the introduction be sure to clearly state your thesis statement. The thesis statement clearly states your argument and is the central idea that organizes the rest of your essay. In the supporting or body paragraphs you will prove your thesis statement and support your argument with evidence. Be sure to start each paragraph with a topic sentence that introduces the main point of the paragraph. Clearly explain to the reader how the evidence you provide supports your argument.  
All evidence you use in your paper, whether directly quoted or paraphrased, must be cited properly. For this assignment, please use the Chicago Style for citing sources.  Do not use any outside sources (encyclopedias, internet); this assignment assesses your critical thinking and writing skills. Evidence should be based on course material only, especially primary sources.