Getting StartedThe focus of this discussion is to identify and describe the key concepts of quantitative research and the steps involved in the process. For this discussion, you will search for a quantitative research article related to your patient-centered problem. After reading the article, you will describe the steps taken by the researcher to complete the study and the process used to draw conclusions from the data collected.Upon successful completion of this discussion, you will be able to:Describe key concepts in quantitative research.Identify the steps of the quantitative research process.Discuss the process used to collect and analyze quantitative data.ResourcesTextbook: Foundations of Nursing Research  Article: Sample size in quantitative researchFile: Understanding the research processFile: Chapter 5 PPTFile: Chapter 10 PPTFile: Chapter 12 PPTBackground InformationQuantitative research is a scientific method that objectively examines relationships between variables. A quantitative study can be either experimental or non-experimental. Depending on the research design, quantitative research can numerically measure cause-and-effect relationships or determine correlations between variables. Common quantitative research designs are exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, quasi-experimental, and true experiments. The goal of a quantitative research study is to be able to generalize the findings to other similar settings.InstructionsReview the rubric to make sure you understand the criteria for earning your grade.Read Chapters 10 (pp. 137-155) and 12 (pp. 171-177; 179-186) in the textbook.Review Chapter 5 (pp. 55-67), Chapter 8, and Chapter 20 in the textbook.  Read the article, Sample size in quantitative research: Sample size will affect the significance of your research.Read the article, Understanding the research process.  View Chapter 5 (5.1 & 5.2), Chapter 10, and Chapter 12 PowerPoint files.Conduct a search for a quantitative research article related to your patient-centered problem. If you cannot find a quantitative article related specifically to your patient-centered problem, you could choose an article similar to your problem. (Do not use articles provided in 4.3, articles from previous discussions or articles identified as meta-analysis, meta-synthesis, systematic reviews, or integrative reviews.)  Prepare to discuss the following Discussion Prompts:Based on the quantitative research article that you located answer the following questions:  Explain what the study problem was and why the study was conducted.  Describe the sampling method used to select the participants in the study.  How was the data collected and analyzed?  Describe the study findings. Attach a PDF copy of the quantitative research article to your initial discussion post. Research and select at least two current scholarly sources to support your explanations and insights. If you want to skim the chapters of the e-book you can access it on: www.pearson.com. I will give login detailsPlease include a PDF of the article. Length 3-4 paragraphs, THE BIGGEST DIFFERENCE WITH THIS ONE IS THIS ONE IS A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH. LAST WEEK WAS QUALITATIVE.My patient-centered problem:This past year has taken a toll on healthcare workers around the world during the Covid-19 pandemic. Not only are the remaining healthcare workers feeling the effects of staffing issues, but our patients are as well. The problem I chose to base my Capstone Project on is: “Reduce the employee turnover rate”. My current place of employment has seen an increase in its turnover rate this past year and over the next two weeks, my department will be hit extremely hard as more nurses have turned in their resignations leaving the unit with 48% of its staff. With the increased workload we have taken on and having patients with higher acuities, the demands of nursing are causing staff to become easily burned out and leaving the profession altogether. It is definitely overwhelming when you have a 1:7 nurse-to-patient ratio. With ratios such as this on a busy med-surg unit, it can be extremely difficult to provide patients the quality care they need and can prolong hospital

FormatDouble-spaced4-5 pagesInclude 1 to 3 referencesCreate a title (if you haven’t already)1) Research question and/or hypothesis (2 point)State your research question and/or your hypothesis for your proposed study. If you are proposing a qualitative project, then use a research question, if you are proposing a quantitative project, then use a hypothesis. Mixed methods ok.2) Research design (8 points)Choose a research design and explain how you will use that design to test your hypothesis and/or explore your research question.You may combine research designs.Describe why you chose that design(s) instead of a different design(s). Quantitative research designs:Cross-sectionalCase controlLongitudinalGroup research designsExperimentalQuasi-experimentalExperimentalQualitative research designs:BiographyPhenomenologyGrounded theoryCase studyAction Oriented3) Sample (5 points):Pick a sampling procedure and describe how you will use that procedure to obtain your sample.You may combine different types of sampling procedures.How many people do you anticipate having in your sample?How will they be invited to participate?If you are using administrative/secondary data, what are the sample parameters, meaning the date range for the data you are using, and what is the data used for in the organization?Sampling procedures:Random samplingConvenience samplingPurposiveSnowballData collection and ethical considerations (10 points): Describe the following:Name the type of data you will use:Quantitative: SurveysAdministrative/secondary dataQualitativeInterviewsFocus groupsObservationIf you are proposing data collection with people, explain what participants will be asked to do, including specific details such as:The content areas that they will be asked about either through qualitative data collection or survey. The specific questions are not needed, rather a description of the areas that will be asked aboutWhere the data collection will take placeHow long the data collection will takeDescribe how the data will be recorded and stored to maintain confidentialityIf you are proposing data collection with people:Describe how informed consent will be obtained, including these key details:Consent is voluntaryNo negative consequences for withdrawal from the study or declining to answer specific questionsDescribe potential benefits and risksWill compensation be provided?Describe how confidentiality will be maintained including (as applicable):Removing names or other identifying information from sample lists or transcripts (if applicable)Not including names or other identifying information in any written documentIf you are proposing data collection from administrative or secondary data sources:Describe where the data will come from and how you would go about obtaining it.Describe how the data will be de-identified so that no names or other identifying information appear in the dataset.Describe how the data will be stored to maintain confidentialityAll papers should describe how the proposed project addresses the following three key domains of ethical research:Respect for persons: all participants treated with respect and their autonomy is protected. Researchers are truthful.Beneficence: The research study needs to have a purpose that leads to a benefit for society (with doing no harm)Justice: The fair distribution of procedures to participants (or potential participant) Your writing, citation & references will be also considered in grading (5 points):- Language UseClear, direct style, precision and clarityVariety of sentence patterns used correctlyWords appropriate to tone and meaning/ avoidance of slang, trite, informal languageAvoid excessive direct quotation/ avoid “dropped-in” quotes- Paragraph IntegrityIntroduction functions appropriatelyEach paragraph has a focused topic sentence and clear purpose (refer to content)Paragraphs are organized, unified and adequately developedTransitions used to establish coherent flow of ideasLogical, coherent structure is evident- Mechanical AccuracyPunctuation generally correct/capitalization correctGrammatical accuracy/spelling conventions observedCareful editing (minimal typographical errors)/ manuscript rules observed(i.e., font, font size, margins)- Citation & ReferencesCite appropriate sourcesCitation format observed/ reference format observed

WEEK 5During Weeks 2 through Week 6, you will create the Literature Review section of the research proposal.This week, you will develop the Literature Review section. Use the following guidelines:Find at least two articles each Week 2through Week 6 on the selected topic using the South University Online Library databases (EBSCOhost or ProQuest) only. Your textbook, Wikipedia, or any other Web source will not be accepted for this assignment.Write a short summary (one to two paragraphs) for each article.Write a brief analysis (one to two paragraphs) for each article and relate each analysis to your course and textbook readings.For each of the documents provide some insight into to gender/cultural diversity issues that may or may not impact the study being reviewed.WEEK 6Utility and Considerations Regarding Microsoft ExcelIn many ways, Microsoft Excel is a practical and effective tool used to organize, process, and interpret data. Discuss the utility of Microsoft Excel with regard to variability that is inherent in studies. Identify 3 research scenarios that might provide a low, medium, and high degree of variability in the study data, and describe how the outcome of a given study can be influenced by variability in the data.Create a 1- to 2-page report in a Microsoft Word document.WEEK 6During Weeks 2 to 6, you will create the Literature Review section of the research proposal.This week, you will develop the Literature Review section. Use the following guidelines:Find at least two articles each Week 2through Week 6 on the selected topic using the South University Online Library databases (EBSCOhost or ProQuest) only. Your textbook, Wikipedia, or any other Web source will not be accepted for this assignment.Write a short summary (one to two paragraphs) for each article.Write a brief analysis (one to two paragraphs) for each article and relate each analysis to your course and textbook readings.For each of the documents provide some insight into to gender/cultural diversity issues that may or may not impact the study being reviewed. WEEK 7Method SectionThis week, you should be creating the Methodology section of your research proposal. In this section, you will review the research methodologies used in research. To gain a better understanding of the methods used, review the methodology sections of the articles you found for your literature review.Include in your work:Create the research hypothesis for your proposalDetailed description of the methodology used in your research, including, but not limited to, participants (if relevant), time frames, and materials or resources required. Also include the proposed statistical analysis that would be used for the research. This will include but will not be limited to the correct statistical procedures to evaluate your resultWeek 8The IntroductionThis week, you should be working on the development of the introduction section of your research proposal.Title page of your research proposal.Introduction to your research proposal. The introduction is not part of the literature review. The introduction provides a general overview of the topic being covered. To gain a better understanding of what an introduction is comprised of, review the various introductions in the journal articles you used for your literature review.Include in the introduction the purpose and research hypothesis of your project.WEEK 9Results, Discussion and ConclusionThis week, you should be working on your Discussion and Conclusion section of your research proposal. In a proposal such as this, what you will also need to include are your expected results. The expected results are based on several factors including what you learned from your literature review on similar research as well as what you learned from your course readings thus far.The difference between a great research paper and a marginal one is the depth and originality of the discussion and conclusions section. The discussion/conclusion section is where you bring together what you learned from the literature review (as well as through the course) in your concluding remarks regarding your topic.Provide an overview of the expected resultsDevelop a conclusion of your research proposalInclude information on the ramifications of the study, its limitations, and the potential for future research studies

Read the following passage from the end of the piece by Zora Neale Hurston and then answer the questions in your discussion post.
“But in the main, I feel like a brown bag of miscellany propped against a
wall. Against a wall in company with other bags, white, red and yellow.
Pour out the contents, and there is discovered a jumble of small, things
priceless and worthless. A first-water diamond, an empty spool, bits of
broken glass, lengths of string, a key to a door long since crumbled away, a
rusty knife-blade, old shoes saved for a road that never was and never will
be, a nail bent under the weight of things too heavy for any nail, a dried
flower or two still a little fragrant. In your hand is the brown bag. On the
ground before you is the jumble it held–so much like the jumble in the
bags, could they be emptied, that all might be dumped in a single heap and
the bags refilled without altering the content of any greatly. A bit of
colored glass more or less would not matter. Perhaps that is how the Great
Stuffer of Bags filled them in the first place–who knows.” 
–Examine the metaphor that Hurston uses — what does the “brown bag” represent?  
–What does the list of contents represent?  Pick out at least two or three specific things she lists as contents and explain what they could symbolize.
–Why does Hurston say that if all the bags were emptied together and refilled randomly, it wouldn’t really alter the contents greatly?  
–Who is the “Great Stuffer of Bags” and how does Hurston feel about him/her?
Respond to at least one of your classmates
Hi Everyone,
In “How It Feels to be Colored Me,” Zora Neale Hurston used the brown bag and the second sentence, “Against a wall in company with other bags, white, red and yellow,” as a metaphor for how she views people’s different races throughout society. This metaphor can also reflect her personal experience. Earlier in the piece, Hurston wrote about how her move from her community in Eatonville to Jacksonville was what made her think about her race for the first time. Back in Eatonville, Hurston described that the only difference she felt between herself and white people was when she would see them driving through town on the way to or from Orlando, but never living there. Since Hurston’s arrival in Jacksonville, she no longer felt she was “Zora of Orange County,” she was now “Against a wall in company with other bags.”
In general, the list of contents in the bags is a metaphor for life’s challenges and memories. A “key to a door long since crumbled away,” can be the memory of something that once may have been a discovery or opportunity in life, but not valuable anymore as Hurston described the bag’s contents as “priceless and worthless.” The quote “old shoes saved for a road that never was and never will be” may resemble a memory of preparing to take a specific path forward, only to end up never embarking on that journey due to unforeseen circumstances in life. Hurston also mentioned that these bags could be emptied and randomly refilled without greatly altering the contents. The contents would not be altered because any individual can face challenges in life and have many memories, so they do not greatly differ in general characteristics. Society, on the other hand, will differentiate between individuals, unfortunately, based on race, for which Hurston is using the colors of the bags as metaphors. How people in society are differentiated based on race can result in how each of these bags is filled differently. Why each bag is filled differently in a way that results in inequality is not always in an individual’s control, and is perhaps how the “Great Stuffer of Bags filled them in the first place.” The “Great Stuffer of Bags” can resemble god or how any individual’s characteristics are natural and out of their control. Hurston indicates distaste for the way the “Great Stuffer of Bags” filled the bags because the bags could be emptied and randomly refilled without greatly altering the contents, but instead they are differentiated based on their colors (individuals may not greatly differ in general characteristics when it comes to facing challenges and having memories in life, but in society, they are differentiated based on their race).

The BSN Essentials (AACN, 2008) outline a number of healthcare policy and advocacy competencies for the BSN-prepared nurse. Reflect on the NUR4636 course readings, discussion threads, and applications you have completed across this course and write a reflective essay regarding the extent to which you feel you are now prepared to (choose 4):“Demonstrate basic knowledge of healthcare policy, finance, and regulatory environments, including local, state, national, and global healthcare trends.Describe how health care is organized and financed, including the implications of business principles, such as patient and system cost factors.Compare the benefits and limitations of the major forms of reimbursement on the delivery of healthcare services.Examine legislative and regulatory processes relevant to the provision of health care.Describe state and national statutes, rules, and regulations that authorize and define professional nursing practice.Explore the impact of socio­cultural, economic, legal, and political factors influencing healthcare delivery and practice.Examine the roles and responsibilities of the regulatory agencies and their effect on patient care quality, workplace safety, and the scope of nursing and other health professionals’ practice.Discuss the implications of healthcare policy on issues of access, equity, affordability, and social justice in healthcare delivery.Use an ethical framework to evaluate the impact of social policies on health care, especially for vulnerable populations.Articulate, through a nursing perspective, issues concerning healthcare delivery to decision makers within healthcare organizations and other policy arenas.Participate as a nursing professional in political processes and grassroots legislative efforts to influence healthcare policy.Advocate for consumers and the nursing profession.Assess protective and predictive factors, including genetics, which influence the health of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations.Conduct a health history, including environmental exposure and a family history that recognizes genetic risks, to identify current and future health problems.Assess health/illness beliefs, values, attitudes, and practices of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations.Use behavioral change techniques to promote health and manage illness.Use evidence­ based practices to guide health teaching, health counseling, screening, outreach, disease and outbreak investigation, referral, and follow-up throughout the lifespan.Use information and communication technologies in preventive care.Collaborate with other healthcare professionals and patients to provide spiritually and culturally appropriate health promotion and disease and injury prevention interventions.Assess the health, healthcare, and emergency preparedness needs of a defined population.Use clinical judgment and decision-making skills in appropriate, timely nursing care during disaster, mass casualty, and other emergency situations.Collaborate with others to develop an intervention plan that takes into account determinants of health, available resources, and the range of activities that contribute to health and the prevention of illness, injury, disability, and premature death.Participate in clinical prevention and population ­focused interventions with attention to effectiveness, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and equity.Advocate for social justice, including a commitment to the health of vulnerable populations and the elimination of health disparities.Use evaluation results to influence the delivery of care, deployment of resources, and to provide input into the development of policies to promote health and prevent disease.”Requirement Follow the directions and grading
criteria closely. The length of the reflection is to be within three to six
pages excluding title page and reference pages.
4. APA format (7th Edition) is required with both a
title page and reference page. Use the required components of the review as
Level 1 headers (upper and lower case, centered):
Note: Introduction – Write an introduction but do not use
“Introduction” as a heading in accordance with the rules put forth in the Publication
manual of the American Psychological Association (2010, p. 63).
a.
Course Reflection
b.
Conclusion