Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and ChildrAssignment 1: Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and ChildrenWhen seeking to identify a patient’s health condition, advanced practice nurses can use a diverse selection of diagnostic tests and assessment tools; however, different factors affect the validity and reliability of the results produced by these tests or tools. Nurses must be aware of these factors in order to select the most appropriate test or tool and to accurately interpret the results.Not only do these diagnostic tests affect adults, body measurements can provide a general picture of whether a child is receiving adequate nutrition or is at risk for health issues. These data, however, are just one aspect to be considered. Lifestyle, family history, and culture—among other factors—are also relevant. That said, gathering and communicating this information can be a delicate process.Photo Credit: Getty Images/Hero ImagesFor this Assignment, you will consider the validity and reliability of different assessment tools and diagnostic tests. You will explore issues such as sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. You will also consider examples of children with various weight issues. You will explore how you could effectively gather information and encourage parents and caregivers to be proactive about their children’s health and weight.To PrepareReview this week’s Learning Resources and consider factors that impact the validity and reliability of various assessment tools and diagnostic tests. You also will review examples of pediatric patients and their families as it relates to BMI.By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to one of the following Assignment options by your Instructor: Adult Assessment Tools or Diagnostic Tests (option 1), or Child Health Case (Option 2). Note: Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignments from your Instructor.Search the Walden Library and credible sources for resources explaining the tool or test you were assigned. What is its purpose, how is it conducted, and what information does it gather?Also, as you search the Walden library and credible sources, consider what the literature discusses regarding the validity, reliability, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, ethical dilemmas, and controversies related to the test or tool.If you are assigned Assignment Option 2 (Child), consider what health issues and risks may be relevant to the child in the health example.Based on the risks you identified, consider what further information you would need to gain a full understanding of the child’s health. Think about how you could gather this information in a sensitive fashion.Consider how you could encourage parents or caregivers to be proactive toward the child’s health.The AssignmentAssignment (3–4 pages, not including title and reference pages):Assignment Option 1: Adult Assessment Tools or Diagnostic Tests:Include the following:A description of how the assessment tool or diagnostic test you were assigned is used in healthcare.What is its purpose?How is it conducted?What information does it gather?Based on your research, evaluate the test or the tool’s validity and reliability, and explain any issues with sensitivity, reliability, and predictive values. Include references in appropriate APA formatting.Body-mass index (BMI) using waist circumference for children: Adaso, Adelakun, Cole-Godfrey, Coleman, Dyson and Ekentaen

Create 2 responses to 2 original discussion board posts. the original post will be provided. basically creating a response for each post.
Here is the original topic of the discussion:
Fungal Pathogens
Choose any one of the fungal pathogens and discuss its appearance, staining reaction, culture characteristics, disease caused, and epidemiological characteristics (where is it common, who is at risk).
for response 1
Rebecca RichardsonAccording to Klich, Aspergillus flavus is a fungus. It has green and yellowish colonies. It is an opportunistic pathogen of crops. It produces aflatoxin as a secondary metabolite in the seeds of crops. Aflatoxin is a potent carcinogen, and it is regulated in most countries. On farms, aflatoxin is associated with drought-stressed oilseed crops like maize, peanut, cottonseed, and tree nuts. Under certain conditions, the fungus will grow and produce aflatoxin in crop seeds. The aflatoxin can be controlled by being stored in a place with low moisture levels. Here is a picture of what it looks like. I chose this fungus because it reminded me of a peacock (Klich, 2007).Schmidt and Bankole explain that Aspergillus flavus is a fungus pathogenic to maize causing an important ear rot disease when plants are exposed to drought and heat stress… Ears, as in ears of corn. Not mammal ears. A. flavus gives off a fluorescent-staining reaction (Schmidt & Bankole, 1965).Here is an image of A. flavus under a microscope:(Aspergillus & Aspergillosis, 2013)Professor, please don’t be mad that I used articles from 2007 and 1965. The sources I used were peer-reviewed journals, so they are credible… they’re just old. ?ReferencesAspergillus & Aspergillosis. (2013, November 26). A. flavus image. Retrieved from https://www.aspergillus.org.uk/zcombined_images/aspergillus-flavus-13/Klich, M. A. (2007). Aspergillus flavus: the major producer of aflatoxin. Molecular plant pathology (6)713-722. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00436.xSchmidt, E. L., & Bankole, R. O. (1965). Specificity of immunofluorescent staining for study of Aspergillus flavus in soil. Applied microbiology, (5)673-679. https://doi.org/10.1128/am.13.5.673-679.1965
for response 2
Unit 7 Alex Neely posted Nov 6, 2021 9:38 PMSubscribePrevious Next This page automatically marks posts as read as you scroll.Adjust automatic marking as read settingMycetoma is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by fungi (eumycetoma) or filamentous bacteria (actinomycetoma) that is found inside of soil and water in rural regions such as Latin American, Africa, and Asia. “Madura foot” is also the common name for mycetoma due to the disease mainly affecting the foot. Mycetoma could affect those of all ages but it is more likely to infect men that are farmers, animal herders, field workers and nomads who walk around barefoot. Once the fungus enters the body it often causes a painless infection that begins to weaken masses that usually affects the bones. The masses begin as a small lump, yet over the long run they can become bigger, large oozing sores will appear, and cause the affected limb to become deformed and worthless. Grams’ staining was performed in most which helped in distinguishing between actinomycetoma (Gram positive) and eumycetoma (Gram negative).References: https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/mycetoma/index.html#symptoms , Mycetoma (September 3, 2020)Bassiri-Jahromi S. (2014). Mycetoma in iran: causative agents and geographic distribution. .Indian journal of dermatology, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4171940/

Post from Richard:
Social Marketing
Abstract
This paper explores the concept of social marketing. This paper describes the theory, emergence, and application of social marketing. This paper analyses social marketing’s core competency and some of the most critical issues in the field, such as why social marketing campaigns fail. This paper explores the hypothesis that biases exist in the field of social marketing that can make it be perceived as or become propaganda; and that social marketing’s theorist and practitioners are either unaware of or are disinterested in solving, which may prevent it from advancing beyond its limited success and use that those in the field want it to obtain. This paper uses grounded theory and reviews of case studies as its research methodology. This paper also offers recommendations to improve social marketing in policymaking and strategy development.
post from Adrian: “The Negative Effects of Competition in Marketing”
Abstract
In a world of a progressing commerce, businesses and companies are oftentimes pitted against one another in order to topple rivals by means of selling more goods and producing more profit than the opponents. Competition in marketing is the rivalry between at least two, or more, entities that provide products or services in similarity. Competition in marketing is the driving force behind contesting companies surpassing or falling behind sales and customer success. While healthy competition in marketing is beneficial to the marketplace because it can foster innovation, it is important to note unhealthy competition as well as the misuse of it. The misuse of competition in marketing can create negative effects on businesses. Examples of misuse of competition are comprised of a business that displays unfair pricing, the denial of supplying products or services, predatory pricing, and unethical behavior. The issue at hand is that the abuse of competition in marketing serves as an obstruction to healthy and progressive commerce. The misuse of competition in marketing serves as an obstruction to healthy and progressive commerce. This paper will discuss the negative effects of marketing in competition as well as what healthy competition looks like, the misuse of competition, and suggestions for solutions.
Post from Sahil: Subscription-based pricing models 
Abstract
The paper focuses on the critical aspects of subscription-based business models. The paper will try to understand the key factors influencing consumers’ decision-making process in purchasing subscription-based services or products. The paper’s focus would be on web-based services but would also capture other subscription-based services. We would study various pricing models for subscription-based services and products. How firms make decisions to utilize the correct pricing model. The paper would also identify various actors in the decision-making process. What challenges do firms face while charging consumers for such services and Firms make consumers pay for these services? The paper will identify solutions to the challenges faced by firms. How to utilize and choose from subscription-based pricing models. How firms tackle the problems in current market situations. The changes in service offerings and pricing after the internet boom and consumer perceptions towards these services. The paper will provide recommendations that today’s managers and firms can utilize to strategically price and place their services. Address the challenges faced and provide some solutions to the challenges.

America’s Federal government and many states are responsible for the provision of quality nursing services. The government’s jurisdiction is to plan and support initiatives to promote public health protection and disease surveillance within the states. The legislators play a crucial role in ensuring relevant health policies and allocating the needed resources into the health policies’ implementation processes and service delivery effectiveness. America’s healthcare regulation system protects the safety and protects the public interest at all costs (Milstead & Short, 2019). In addition to the Federal government’s health regulation, bodies such as the Florida Board of Nursing and the New Jersey Board of Nursing formulate laws that govern the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) professional practice with the two regions.The Advanced Practice Nurses of New Jersey Board comprises nurses, APRNs, and community members who eradicate practice barriers. APRNs practising in New Jersey requires a mandatory national certification, without which an APRN cannot operate. The agency also ensures adherence to the nursing practice’s legal requirements by formulating a joint protocol with the collaborating physicians (Advanced Practice Nurses of New Jersey APN-NJ, n.d.). In addition to a physician’s supervision, APRNs need six extra hours of pharmacological education to make prescriptions.The Florida Board of Nursing is a regulatory board and a government agency that licenses, educates, monitors, disciplines, and sometimes rehabilitates its licenses to ensure compliance and competence to provide quality healthcare to Florida people (Flordia Board of Nursing, 2021). In Florida, all APRN specialties applying for licensure need to show proof of National certification (Flordia Board of Nursing, 2021). In Florida, nurse practitioners require a physician or a surgeon’s supervision to have the authority to practice and must have proof of malpractice insurance or exemption.DifferenceWhile both Florida and New Jersey’s bodies provide almost similar elaborate regulations of APRNs certification, licensure and work scope, the difference is only evident in the nursing practice authority. In Florida, APRNs require surgeon or physician’s supervision and proof of malpractice insurance to practice within the Florida state. In contrast, an APRN needs a joint protocol with a collaborating physician and at least six additional pharmacological education hours to obtain permission to prescribe devices and medication in New Jersey (Advanced Practice Nurses of New Jersey APN-NJ, n.d.).Application of the regulationsAPRNs need to have the proper clinical knowledge, skills, and education to provide specialized care effectively. Thus, the certification requirements will enable them to know the years of experience and the certifications they need to undertake an advanced degree in nursing. Complying with the laid-out regulations will help them identify a specific professional engagement area and its boundaries. An APRN may adhere to the two regulations by meeting the educational qualifications required before becoming a specialist.ReferencesAdvanced Practice Nurses of New Jersey APN-NJ. (n.d.). State Legislative and Regulatory Information. Retrieved from http://enp-network.s3.amazonaws.com/APNNJ/students…Flordia Board of Nursing. (2021, April 1). Home. Retrieved from https://floridasnursing.gov/Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health Policy and Politics: A Nurse’s Guide (6th Edition). Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Initial Post Instructions
Choose one of the music or dance movements that you read about this week and at least one work from that movement. Then, address the following:

Examine the movement and specific work in relation to historical and political influences of the movement.
Identify characteristics of the movement and how the work reflects these characteristics.
Include a statement from the artist and one from a critic.
Include a link to the lyrics and/or video depending on your choice.

Follow-Up Post Instructions
Respond to at least one peer. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification.
Student Sample:
“As the text notes, rap music has its roots in gospel, blues, and shout (Martin 2018). Culturally and historically, this is obviously the case, as rap is part of the evolution of Black social life in the USA. When listening to rap, however, the connection to gospel, blues, and shout in the music itself may not be evident for much of the genre. There is at least one rapper who has made his name by foregrounding this connection in his music over the last 20 years. Kanye West has produced and rapped over beats featuring prominent samples and riffs straight from classic gospel and blues music. His debut album, College Dropout featured a musical production that West himself labeled “neo-soul” in reference to its fresh twist on its explicit soul roots. Ciccariello-Maher writes that West’s sampling of Black soul music mixed with his early 21st century hip-hop lyrics is reminiscent of Du Boisian “double-consciousness”, or, the paradoxical tension felt by Black folks trying to make a way through racism and oppression in the USA. As a Black man in America, West’s humanity is constantly challenged, and yet, in a capitalistic society, West feels the “constant temptation to validate [his] own humanity through conspicuous consumption” (Ciccariello-Maher, 2009, p. 386). It is not West’s vulnerability to this temptation that reveals the continuity with Black gospel and soul music, but his chilling awareness that he is constantly being tempted by the very forces that kill him, which brings a particular poignancy to his samples, production, and rhymes.
While West’s career took many twists and turns, including the tragic death of his top inspiration and mother, Donda, his debut album, College Dropout, may remain his greatest feat. In particular, the song “Family Business”, with its nostalgic sampling of the Dells “Fonky Thang, Diamon’ Rang” drives home the heights of Kanye’s musical prowess and innovation of the soul sound. More recently, West has returned to gospel music explicitly, through producing Sunday Service choir songs. Hip-hop, while derided by many critics as an empty, materialistic, vulgar display of ignorance and vulnerability to the temptation of conspicuous consumption, has much deeper roots in the Black freedom struggle. As such, it continues to resonate with all walks of life, with all sorts of people all around the world, who are going through it in their own ways.
Family Business – YouTube (Links to an external site.)
Ciccariello-Maher, G. (2009). A Critique of Du Boisian Reason: Kanye West and the Fruitfulness of Double-Consciousness. Journal of Black Studies, 39(3), 371-401. Retrieved August 4, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40282568 (Links to an external site.)
Martin, F. D. (2018). Humanities through the Arts (10th Edition). McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US). https://ambassadored.vitalsource.com/books/9781260154238 ”