I need an executive summary for the following research report. This provides a summary of research report, including introduction, results, conclusions, and recommendations. Nurr Designs is a family-owned jewelry business based in Los Angeles and established in 2015. Our client communicated that they’ve been struggling with their online presence and have caused their sales to decrease. After an analysis we concluded that the business wasn’t using social media wisely. Our team agreed that the decision problem is: “How will Nurr Designs strategically use social media to reach a bigger customer base and revive its jewelry business post quarantine?”.Based on the information our client provided the objective is to increase their following in order to maximize their profit. In order to achieve this we’re going to use secondary research to examine what type of content competitors create to spark interest and attract new customers to their website. This will allow us to understand the type of content our target audience interacts with the most and help Nurr Design recreate similar content for their social media. We will also collect data through primary research that will be done by distributing a questionnaire to existing and potential prospects. This questionnaire will allow us to know if they’re satisfied with the products, if they’re aware about the business, and their intentions to purchase jewelry. Method In order to better understand how Nurr Designs could use social media to reach a larger customer base, the research method of primary and secondary research was used. To better recognize the competition and business, secondary data was collected. The methods for collecting primary and secondary data gave a better understanding of the needs of the business. The feedback given was used to improve the customer interaction. After the internal and external secondary data has been analyzed, the primary data of Nurr Designs was collected. During the research process, benchmarking was used to help in understanding the competitors online presence. To understand how customers view the social media pages, literature searches were conducted. The primary research was used for survey and data collection. Secondary research was conducted to analyze competitors works and contact previous customers. Clients were interviewed individually to get feedback for the business, and reviews left on social media platforms were viewed to see what customers liked. In order to investigate the decision problem, primary descriptive research in the form of a customer survey was used. Most of the questions were multiple choice, with a few scale rating and free answer questions. The survey was posted on the Nurr Designs Instagram page for people to fill out, and was also sent to the emails of past customers who have purchased before. The survey was given to current and potential customers. A total of 55 people took the survey, and that information was used to see the brands strengths and weaknesses.The program Google Forms was used to create the survey. The survey consists of 15 questions total, and includes both qualitative and quantitative information. The business wanted to conduct surveys to understand how satisfied customers were on the 5-point scale system and how likely people were to recommend the product offerings. Also, the business wanted to see how aware and knowledgeable customers were about the products. Data was collected on how customers discovered Nurr Designs and what they already knew. To see what social media platforms provided advertisements for the jewelry, aided recall was used. Finally, with intentions, Nurr Designs wanted to understand the likelihood that people would purchase jewelry during and after the covid pandemic. The business wanted to see if people were more or less likely to purchase jewelry during the pandemic, since most stay at home. Continuing with intentions, purchase intentions due to the product quality, sentimental value, and locally owned were measured. Results Current customers as well as potential customers and csun students were invited to participate in our research survey. Of the _ people that were invited to take the survey, 55 responded. Only 9.1% were current customers, so most of the responses we got were from potential customers. The demographic of responses included female and male of ages between 16 and 40, with the majority being split almost evenly between 21-28 (40%) and 16-21 (38.2%) groups. Since Nurr Designs is positioned in a female jewelry sector with a focus on necklaces, it was not surprising that most responses were female (69.8%), although, we got more than expected male responses (24.5%) which may suggest that interest in the products came from gift ideas. Still, this concludes that the responders were mostly young female adults.Casual use is the biggest reason people continue to purchase jewelry and there exists a correlation between the frequency of use and the frequency of purchase. Furthermore, people who buy more frequently are the ones most concerned about the price. …While looking at the results, it is clear that so far Nurr Designs relies heavily on the successful word of mouth form of marketing (2/3 of all of current customers), with social media being a far second(16.7%). Furthermore, out of all current customers surveyed, none have found Nurr Designs from an Etsy internal search, suggesting that Etsy is not the best platform for Nurr Designs. This leads us to perform a hypothesis testing… …looking at a crosstab between frequency of purchase and advertising platform, we can clearly see that most people saw ads for jewelry on Instagram, ALTHOUGH, after performing a test of mean differences, we find that those who purchase the most jewelry during the pandemic, see more jewelry advertisement on pinterest (1.79) rather than Instagram (1.64) or even facebook (1.5), suggesting that pinterest is the best platform for gaining the most sales during the pandemic, with Instagram having the highest reach. Our hypothesis was that pinterest has a significantly larger purchase frequency mean (1.79) than the average (1.6). After performing a right-tailed test, we found that our p-value was 0.047 which is less than 5%, so we reject the null hypothesis in favor of our alternative hypothesis (?)Conclusion Based on our literature research, we found that Etsy is actually not a bad platform to sell on despite what we hypothesised before. Etsy’s number of active buyers have more than doubled in the past 3 years, going from 39.45 million in 2018 to 81.9 million in 2020, according to Statista (2021). Though, Etsy’s sellers have increased as well and most identify as women (82%), with California having by far the largest number of sellers compared to other states which puts competitive pressure.We found that potential customers haven’t seen any jewelry advertisement on Esty and none of the current customers found Nurr Designs store from Etsy search, meaning the store could benefit from etsy sponsored listings since they generate traffic directly to stores. Furthermore, based on our survey’s analysis on social media platform advertising and frequency of buying, we concluded that most people have seen jewelry ads on Instagram, but people who buy the most jewelry in recent times saw more jewelry ads on Pinterest. From our survey of current customers, we found that they don’t mind Etsy. Therefore, we will advise to keep the Etsy store but expand marketing efforts into online platforms like Pinterest (to target frequent buyers of jewelry) and Instagram (to reach the most people).

respond with 150 words – jessica – LABOR The way that I took to look at this question is by researching the cons of unions and how some strategies could be fixed in the 21st century to maybe change these views. First off, unions aren’t free and they usually have a fee every year to join them. They don’t all require a fee but if an employee decides to join one that does have a fee it then takes a chunk of money out there salary in order to receive benefits from union representation which isn’t fair. Maybe unions strategies could instead ask for donations instead of fees. Another issue that unions have is making employees hate their company and work against them but not in all situations. A strategy could be to encourage employees to work together with their company toward a common goal so negative publicity and situations don’t happen that could damage the company and the employees. One issue pertaining to labor relations for managers and union leaders is that sometimes employers are not aware of all rights protected by the NLRB and may violate one with no intent to. An example of this is telling an employee to stop using their phone during work hours because of a policy that prohibits phones. That employee can then file a complaint to the NLRB claiming his or her rights were violated under NLRA Section 7. Although employers are aloud to have this policy they have to have it written correctly for instance, “phones are aloud only on breaks and other non-working hours.” This is just one example of how one simple policy can turn into big legal issues. respond with 150 words – maketing brandi Marriott’s use of an innovation lab was useful to showcase and gain feedback about new and exciting experiences. The company created a digital experience that would make the “service known and offer the consumer the possibility of being in contact and experimenting with the product or service” (What is promotion in the marketing mix?, 2019). By providing this interactive experience for both business promotion and consumer promotion, the hotel chain was able to get feedback from both potential influencers and investors, allowing it to have more usable data than had the chain chosen only one target audience. Marriott’s use of this type of marketing promotion allowed the company to gain insights that may not have been available through other forms of marketing, such as print or video. Promotion in marketing is “any form of actions used by the firm to inform, persuade and remind consumers about their products, services, images, ideas, social activities” (Role of promotion in the marketing: Function and benefits, n.d.). The use of digital promotion allowed for a lower cost representation of future plans, and the ability to spread that innovation to a wider audience with the opportunity for participants to share the experience and their views and opinions. The digital marketing techniques that Marriott utilized allowed for further reaching reactions through the use of social media, allowing the new innovations to be more readily seen. By involving both business and consumer, the company was able to gain more feedback, but also to reach customers and potential investors that were not in attendance and gain additional insight along with increasing the buzz around the potential changes.roberto – respond with 150 wordsMarriot hotels made themselves a great corporation because they apply all marketing promotional strategy to its max. Although some marketers see trade promotion vs. consumer promotion as an “either-or” situation, forgetting that trade partners are conduits for moving product from suppliers to consumers, the most effective promotions address both trade and consumer priorities. In short, unless a trade sales promotion is designed with the customer in mind, it’s likely to do little more than get products into stock rooms and warehouses, where they don’t make anyone any money. Thus, marketing strategies are commonly discussed in terms of “push” and “pull” marketing strategies, taking into account both the trade partners and consumers. Marriot use many different forms of media to communicate about sales promotions, such as printed materials like posters, coupons, direct mail pieces and billboards; radio and television ads; digital media like text messages, email, websites and social media, and so forth. Most consumers are familiar with common sales promotion techniques including samples, coupons, point-of-purchase displays, premiums, contents, loyalty programs and rebates.Furthermore, Marriott Corporation’s original hotels served the lower upscale market. The company then developed JW Marriott for the upper upscale segment, Courtyard by Marriott for the upper mid-scale segment, and Fairfield Inn for the lower mid-scale segment. operation Nicole Inventory systems serve a business with many different functions. It provides a selection of goods for customers, decouples parts of the production process, takes advantage of quantity discounts, and hedges against inflation (Heizer et al., 2020). The four different types of inventory include raw material, work in process, maintenance/repair/operating supply, and finished goods (Heizer et al., 2020). When it comes to inventory costs, there are three main categories of costs. The first category is ordering costs, which are the costs an organization will incur every time they place an order from their supplier (Melanie, 2015). There are various costs that can be considered ordering costs, such as accounting costs, costs of moving goods, cost of unloading goods, etc. The second category of inventory costs include the holding costs. Holding costs are the costs that are associated with storing inventory before it is sold (Melanie, 2015). Holding costs can include costs such as financing costs, storage space costs, insurance/security costs, etc. Shortage costs are costs that occur when businesses become out of stock of a product (Melanie, 2015). These costs are also called stock out costs, and can include disrupted production costs, emergency shipment costs, and customer loyalty/reputation costs (Melanie, 2015). Overall, the main types of costs involved with an inventory system are ordering costs, holding costs, and shortage costs.brandi There are three types of costs involved in the invernory system; holding costs, ordering costs, and set up costs. Holdings costs are the costs that are incurred from storing inventory. These costs include “storage space, labor, and insurance, as well as the price of damaged or spoiled goods” (Tuovila, 2021) . Having a warehouse to hold inverntory conrtibutes to these fees, particularly rents to be paid and taxes that may be due for the storage space, hiring labor to handle the supplies, and allowances for materials that may not be usable after being held for too long. Ordering costs are the costs that are associated with the manufacturing and fullfillment of orders. The costs can include supplies needed to move materials through inventory, including the forms for needed supplies to move items from inventory to production and the sale of those materials to others, the labor costs associated with staff to handle order processing and sales, and other costs that are associated with inventory flow. Additionally, ordering costs can include the labor costs needed when new supplies come into inventory, these costs can be associated with moving the products to storage and the clerical costs to catalog new materials. Set up costs include the costs that are needed during the production process and monies that are spent to prepare machines and equipment for use.

Assessment 5 Instructions: Data MiningPerform data mining activities on two Excel datasets. Prepare a 4-5 page report of findings, including whether datasets accurately depict performance, the use of data sampling methods in strategic decision making, and conclusions and recommendations about improving patient service and staff performance. Include in the report the analysis of the raw data in Excel data analysis tables.IntroductionData mining is a statistical analysis process used to extract data to provide useful information. Beginning with raw data, a data analyst organizes the data, rearranges it, and then searches for patterns. After identifying the patterns, the analyst can turn the data into usable information. In this assessment you will perform data mining activities and apply the results to different uses in health care information settings.Demonstration of ProficiencyBy successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria: Competency 3: Use data analysis skills to support health information integrity and data quality.Analyze data samples.Explain how to use data sampling methods and data mining to inform strategic decision making.Recommend quality of care improvements based on statistical analysis.Competency 4: Apply statistical strategies to analyze health care data.Organize raw data.Perform data mining activities.Competency 5: Communicate in a professional manner to support health care data analytics.Create a clear, well-organized, professional document that is generally free of errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation.Follow APA style and formatting guides for citations and references. PreparationYou will be working with datasets in Excel spreadsheets for this assessment. Download and review these datasets now: Dataset 1 Clinic Performance 2017 [XLSX].Dataset 2 Nursing Performance 2016 [XLSX].InstructionsAs a Vila Health data analyst, you have been asked to work on a project related to customer satisfaction and nursing staff performance. You will analyze two datasets. One concerns clinic performance, specifically, patient wait times and office visit lengths. The other dataset is on nursing performance. After analyzing these two datasets, you will compose a report for the clinic’s physicians based on your analysis.Dataset 1: Clinic PerformanceThis first dataset contains raw data about clinic performance from a customer-service perspective. First, organize and analyze the raw data in Excel data analysis tables. You will include these tables in your report. Write your report about Dataset 1. Be sure to include these headings and address the bullets following each heading:Accurate Depiction of Clinic Performance.Explain whether the sample can accurately depict clinic performance, noting variations and patterns.Data Sampling Methods and Strategic Decision Making.Describe how to use data sampling methods in strategic decision making.Conclusions and Recommendations About Clinic Physicians and Customer Service.Draw conclusions about clinic physicians and customer service.Make two recommendations for improving patient service based on your analysis.Dataset 2: Nursing Staff PerformanceDataset 2 provides information on nursing staff performance on two tasks. The data show a decrease in nursing staff productivity at one Vila Health clinic in the past few months. Use the Nursing Data Worksheet and the Pivot Table Report, both contained in Dataset 2 Nursing Performance 2016, to perform data mining techniques to determine how nursing staff performed when completing Tasks 1 and 2. Organize and analyze the raw data in Excel data analysis tables. You will include these tables in your report.Note: Be careful of filters. Be sure to check data from various years.Write your report, including all of the following:Data Mining Techniques to Evaluate Nursing Staff Performance on Tasks.Explain how each of these data mining techniques can be used to evaluate nursing staff task performance:Genetic algorithms.Neural networks.Predictive modeling.Rule induction.Decision trees.K-Nearest neighbor.Include examples of the use of each data mining technique in relation to the nursing data.Data Mining and Strategic Decision Making.Describe the use of data mining in strategic decision making.Conclusions and Recommendations About Nursing Staff Performance.Draw conclusions about nursing performance on tasks.Create two recommendations for improving nursing performance.ConclusionSummarize the findings of your analysis of the two datasets. Draw conclusions about how the information from the datasets might be connected. For example, how might physician performance impact nursing tasks? Or what is the association between customer satisfaction and nursing task performance? Additional RequirementsFormat: Word document, including data analysis tables from Excel.Length: Four to five double-spaced pages.Font: Times New Roman, 12 point.References and citations: Include citations and references in APA format and style.Writing: Create a clear, well-organized, professional document that is generally free of errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Resources: Data CollectionCapella University Health Care Administration Undergraduate Library Research Guide.Please consult this guide as needed to conduct independent research on course topics. This resource will direct you to scholarly, peer-reviewed, and authoritative resources.Horton, L. A. (2017). Calculating and reporting healthcare statistics (5th Rev. ed.). Chicago, IL: AHIMA Press. Available from the bookstore. Chapter 12, “Basic Research Principles,” pages 283–307.Chapter 13, “Inferential Statistics in Healthcare,” pages 309–320.Cleary, M., Horsfall, J., & Hayter, M. (2014). Data collection and sampling in qualitative research: Does size matter? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(3), 473–475.Kandola, D., Banner, D., O’Keefe-McCarthy, S., & Jassal, D. (2014). Sampling methods in cardiovascular nursing research: An overview. Canadian Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 24(3), 15–18.Roberts, P. (2015). Data sampling for the right reasons. Business Intelligence Journal, 20(1), 33–38.Resources: Data MiningHorton, L. A. (2017). Calculating and reporting healthcare statistics (5th Rev. ed.). Chicago, IL: AHIMA Press. Available from the bookstore. Chapter 14, “Data Analytics,” pages 321–330.Lismont, J., Janssens, A., Odnoletkova, I., Vanden Broucke, S., Caron, F., & Vanthienen, J. (2016). A guide for the application of analytics on healthcare processes: A dynamic view on patient pathways. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 77, 125–134.Ullah, Z., Fayaz, M., & Iqbal, A. (2016). Critical analysis of data mining techniques on medical data. International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science, 8(2), 42–48.Data Mining | Transcript.In under five minutes, this Capella media piece presents some basic assumptions about leading a data mining project. Resources: Data PresentationHorton, L. A. (2017). Calculating and reporting healthcare statistics (5th Rev. ed.). Chicago, IL: AHIMA Press. Available from the bookstore. Chapter 11, “Presentation of Data,” pages 245–281.Ghazisaeidi, M., Safdari, R., Torabi, M., Mirzaee, M., Farzi, J., & Goodini, A. (2015). Development of performance dashboards in healthcare sector: Key practical issues. Acta Informatica Medica, 23(5), 317–321.Presentation of Data | Transcript.This short (just under three minutes) Capella media piece will help you choose the best option (bar chart, histogram, pie chart, et cetera) to present your data.

Discuss/debate your position pertaining to biological and psychological perspectives of explaining crime. Also, examine at least one theory from the assigned reading that explain crime and articulate why you either strongly agree or disagree with it.
Also respond to two peers:
PEER 1:
Due to the proclivity of some persons towards crime, scientists have looked for natural explanations. In 1870, an Italian criminologist came to the conclusion that certain people are born criminals. Attempts were undertaken in the second part of the twentieth century to relate criminal inclinations to certain chromosomes in the genetic code. Males with defective chromosomes were no more likely to conduct violent actions than men with regular chromosomes, according to large-scale studies. The argument of Lombroso’s idea of “a born criminal” is that crime has an inherent nature and will persist in human society forever. Lombroso stated that the presence of more than five physical abnormalities in 43 percent of offenders validates his idea of the existence of a hereditary criminal type. There is nothing that education can do to help people who were born with twisted inclinations.
Criminal inclinations of a specific kind of personality are associated with both psychological and biological theories of crime. Some psychologists have proposed that a tiny percentage of people acquire an “immoral,” or psychopathic personality, based on Sigmund Freud’s views. Psychopaths are closed individuals who derive great pleasure from violence. Kohlberg established six stages of moral development, which are comparable to Piaget’s cognitive stages in that they replace one another in a precise order. The capacity to empathize and improve cognitive abilities enable the passage from one stage to the next (empathy) While the majority of people progress to at least the third stage, some people remain morally immature throughout their lives.
The theory of Criminal Behaviour is broken down into two parts: Nature and nurture and the desire and motivation to commit criminal acts. One’s urge or desire to commit a crime is the nature portion of DNA theory. This would be the biological side and what one would be born with, the thought behind keeping heinous criminals behind bars for a very long time. The product of one’s environment is the nurture side of the ENA (Evolutionary Neuroandrogenic Theory). “Criminal activity is learned from being exposed to having it modeled by others.” I agree with this statement because people follow or idolize other people. Crime doesn’t isn’t always caused by at-home experiences, but it can also be caused by some traumatic events. Traumatic events can have a psychological effect on an individual and may lead them to the life of crime, mostly for revenge.
The Life-Course Hypothesis is a theory with which I fully agree. This idea was very interesting to me since it focuses on the impact on an individual’s life and how it may affect their performance or change them as a person. The theory’s illustration used the scenario of a school shooting and the influence it would have on the children’s lives. Not only did it have an impact on the kids’ lives, but it also disrupted the educational process. As a result of this incident, individual safety may be jeopardized, and employment may suffer as a result. ENA believes that terrible criminals should be imprisoned for a lengthy time. The idea is to prevent them from reproducing and providing the world with biological criminals. This hypothesis is based on the idea that people can learn to become criminals, but they can also be born with characteristics that contribute to criminal behavior, such as drives and instincts. Growing raised in a high-crime region may encourage someone to choose a criminal career. They are constantly exposed to it and fall prey to it, eventually becoming criminals themselves. They may believe there is no other option. It’s possible that they’ll start small and work their way up to more serious criminal conduct. Higher-class neighborhoods may lead to white-collar crime and other high-level criminal activity. Some people may feel compelled to impress their peers, which may entail illegal behavior. This aligns with the ENA theory’s nurture vibe. This is a result of one’s surroundings. The nature component of DNA theory is one’s drive or desire to commit a crime. This is the biological aspect, and it is what one is born with, the idea of keeping horrible offenders locked up for a long period.

Peer 2:
Biological and psychological perspectives to explaining crime have found themselves imbedded into the discourse of the criminal justice system. While the classical view of criminology focuses on crime as a choice a person makes without consideration of other motivations, it appears that crime is much more complicated. There are so many factors that can contribute to the motivation of an offender to commit a crime. For example, some people may commit crime out of necessity to survive or feed their families. While it may seem like this is a choice and they chose to commit a crime, many offenders may feel they did not have a choice. Similarly, a person’s likeliness to commit a crime may be affected by psychological or biological factors.
Biological cause of crime can be triggered through several means. Nutrition is a well-known example of a biological inhibitor that can affect the likelihood that a person may have criminal outcomes. Those who experience malnutrition in utero and in their childhood have a higher likelihood of having criminal outcomes (Ling et al, 2019). This can be attributed to a lack of needed nutrients and fatty acids that are needed for neurocognition, physical health to improve self-esteem, and positive self-control (Ling et al, 2019). Nutrition has a direct effect on the development of the brain and brain processes. Those who may have suffered from malnutrition tend to have smaller prefrontal cortexes which is associated with poor decision-making, attention deficit disorders, poor emotional regulation, lack of impulse control, and issues with moral reasoning (Ling et al, 2019). All of these behaviors tend to be associated with criminal behaviors. These behaviors and biological factors can also be hereditary. Estimates show that psychological constructs could be heritable at a rate of 40-60%. (Glenn and Raine, 2014). This means that there is a higher likelihood of children of criminals to partake in criminal activity due to their genetic predispositions. There is also a long list of psychological predispositions that could lead to a likelihood of criminal behaviors. Antisocial disorders, intelligence levels, and other psychological factors can all be a precursor to an increased likelihood of participating in criminal activity.
The theory from the readings that I strongly agree with is the impact environment has on the likelihood that a person will commit a crime. As the readings mention this week, the interaction a person has with their environment is a large contributor to the possibility that they will partake in criminal behavior (Singh, & Rani, 2017). This is a sociological perspective that is based on the situations a person may be exposed to combined with psychological/biological dispositions of each person. For example, if a person is constantly exposed to contact with criminal patterns, these behaviors will be learned and replicated. I strongly agree that the environments that we grew up in as well as what we currently find ourselves in have a direct correlation to the likelihood that we will partake in criminal behavior.

Although homeland security strategy (HLS) was subsumed into the 2010 national security strategy, the following original 2002 objectives remain essentially unchanged:

Prevent terrorist attacks within the United States
Reduce America’s vulnerability to terrorism
Minimize the damage, and recover from attacks that do occur

In 100–200 words, answer each of the following questions:

Of these 3 objectives, which do you think is most important, and why?
Of these 3 objectives, which do you think is most difficult to achieve, and why?
Of these 3 objectives, which one falls mostly within the responsibility of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)?

Responses to Other Students: Review at least 2 other posts. Do you agree or disagree with your peers’ responses?
Part 2
How well do you think Science and Technology (S&T) is performing? After 10 years, the most visible symbol of S&T development efforts is the airport passenger electronic scanner.
In 100–200 words, answer each of the following questions:

Has the electronic scanner improved airport security? Why or why not?
Will the electronic scanner prevent another hijacking? Why or why not?
Is the investment made in added security measures worth the impact on passengers?

classmate peer
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was created in the aftermath of the events of September 11th. The mission of DHS is to secure the nation from the many threats that are faced each day from terrorists. DHS is committed to relentless resilience, striving to prevent future attacks against the United States and our allies, responding decisively to natural and man-made disasters while advancing American prosperity and economic security (DHS, 2021). Safeguarding everything from borders to critical infrastructures, DH continues to face the new threats on the horizon: addressing systemic risks and strengthening recovery efforts of successful attacks. DHS has 3 primary objectives:

Prevent terrorist attacks within the United States
Reduce America’s vulnerability to terrorism
Minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur

Out of these 3 objectives, the most important would be the detection and prevention of terrorist attacks in the United States. The American people need to feel within their homes and their country. One of the main objectives of a terrorist act is to spread fear amongst a civilization. The casualty rate is a plus but if terrorist can create and spread fear, that has longer lasting effects than a death toll. DHS, in conjunction with local law enforcement and other federal agencies, is able to provide that security needed to detect and prevent terrorist acts. This is a very tangible way that people can see the efforts to protect their freedoms and liberties: increased patrols, increased securities, advancement in technology, and improved security screenings.
The most difficult to achieve from this list would be reducing the vulnerability of terrorism. Advancements in technology are constantly occurring every day. Each day there is a new app, a new platform, a new security protocol that is in the works and being implemented. Technology is constantly advancing in order to keep up with the way of life and improve the quality of it. With that said, comes the vulnerability of the nation’s cyber critical infrastructure. The safety of this infrastructure relies in the hands of individuals constantly looking for breaches in the nations firewall. The hardest part of this is that experts are charged with monitoring the firewall as a whole while a terrorist simply needs to find one gap in the infrastructure to gain access and spread terror. While there are systems put into place to keep this secure, as quickly as technology advances, that much quicker do terrorists in adapting to the system and identifying weak points and exposing them.
The objective that falls mostly within the responsibility of DHS would have to be all 3; DHS covers so many departments and covers all three of these objectives within its 22 departments. FEMA is responsible for damage recovery efforts post attacks; CISA is responsible for strengthening the nations vulnerability to terrorism; and prevent attacks falls within the realm of almost every department. CBP, ICE, USICS; just to name a few; work towards identifying possibly terrorist threats and reducing any attacks that may occur. This is what the DHS is responsible for: the nation’s security and to reduce the propensity for future attacks in any way possible.
Science and technology play a crucial role in detecting and preventing terrorist activity. As terrorists become wiser to their approaches, DHS must stay one step ahead of them to ensure there is peace and calm within the nation. The introduction of advanced imaging technology (AIT) in 2009, also known as the body scanner, throughout airports has been a landmark way at detecting and deterring terrorist activities. These body scanners have detected occasional knives, underwear full of ecstasy, plastic daggers, and even loaded guns (Kahn, 2017). Granted everything but the plastic dagger and ecstasy would’ve been found with just a simple metal detector, it begs the question: are AIT scanners that effective or do they pose more risks than they do safety? While the majority of the factual information on the statistics of this, one former TSA agent was quoted “they are expensive and ineffective”. How effective do the efforts to calm a person’s mind prior to getting on a flight need to be? Is this more of a deterrent effort than it is of actual detection? These are some of the questions that come to mind when working with the AIT scanners.
Whether or not these scanners can prevent another hijacking is the question. It seems to be that since the foiling of a hijacking plan in 2009, the implementation of AIT scanners has boomed: causing all major airports to utilize them. While the implementation measures have increased, public outcry over these has also increased. Many people feel as though the scanners are an invasion of privacy, especially if they set off the scanner prompting a 15-minute pat down, and increased wait times. Whether or not it has prevented more hijackings, that information is hard to quantify being that the TSA doesn’t necessarily release this information. One would like to think that it does (deterrent factors) but terrorists are more diligent than ever when it comes to executing an attack.
The investment of these scanners is an expensive one for airports. Not only is there a cost for the scanner, there is the long wait times (especially during holiday travel), the unexpected *beep beep* “step to the side ma’am/sir”, and delays in travel that will frustrate travelers. People want to feel safe in their surroundings but not inconvenienced as part of it. If there is an inconvenience factor behind it, people will choose not to do it (therefore choosing not to travel). The thought needs to be whether or not the focus is on security efforts 100 percent on looking for objects or whether the focus is shifted to a more discerning system that looks at categories of travelers and reduces the inconvenience factor (Greenemeier, 2010). Is the security investment worth the impact to passengers? Simply put: yes. While yes it is mildly inconvenient for people to wait a little longer, the peace of mind knowing you can travel under the guise of safety and security is unparalleled. Reducing, if not eliminating, the fear of terrorist actions is one of the best ways to combat terrorist activity and increase the safety of the American people.