Step 1: Reflect on your personal views related to nurses’ being appointed to boards, organizations or other policy forming entities.
Step 2: Post a response to the discussion board by addressing the following questions:
Why would a nurse want to seek an appointed position in government?
How would you prepare for consideration to an appointed position?
Use research and give examples of how nurses can affect public policy in various appointed positions.
Step 3: Read other students’ posts and respond to at least two of them. Cite any sources in 7th ed. APA format.
Response Posts: In your responses to your classmates, contribute to the discussion with your own original opinions about why a nurse would seek an appointed position in government and offer other examples of how nurses can affect public policy.
NUR415 Student Posts:
Student #1: The experiences of many nurses practicing in the real world of healthcare are motivating them to take on some form of an advocacy role to influence a change in policies, laws, or regulations that govern the larger health care system (Abood, 2007).
Successful policy advocacy depends on having the power, the will, the time, and the energy, along with the political skills needed to ‘play the game’ in the legislative arena. Such as a deep understanding of the system of government, resilience, and composure.
The nursing profession has significant power to profoundly impact healthcare policy on a global scale. Additionally, the nurses of today are younger, more educated, and more diverse. They bring more energy, more ideas, and more ingenuity to the nursing profession – perhaps they will even bring more political activism (Brokaw, 2016).
Student #2: Seeking appointments to a governmental agency is one of the most effective ways to influence healthcare policy and uphold public service obligations within the nursing profession. Appointments can lead to a sense of accomplishment, recognition, and prestige and can enhance the prospects of an exciting career in government service. When preparing for consideration to an appointed position, start with an open mind. It is okay to turn down a board opportunity. Be objective in assessing the pros and cons of each option (Mason et al., 2020). You are likely qualified to serve on several boards, making sure it is the right opportunity for you. Understand your mission/passion. One of the best determinants of a good fit is aligning your interests, values, and passion with the organization’s mission (Mason et al., 2020). Think about why and how the role will be meaningful to you personally. Perform a self-assessment and assessment of the organization. First, conduct a self-assessment to determine what specific strengths you will bring to the board (Mason et al., 2020). Write down your skills, qualifications, and experience that will enable you to contribute as a board member. Next, assess the organization’s mission, leadership, culture, and values. Access multiple sources to learn everything you can about their strategic direction, financial position, and organization’s reputation (Mason et al., 2020). Finally, make sure you understand the role and composition of the board. From all you have learned, do you have an initial level of trust and confidence in the leadership and direction of the organization? Will you be proud to be associated with the organization? If you can answer yes to these questions, proceed with confidence (Mason et al., 2020). One example of nurses affecting public policy is the American Nurses Association (ANA). Any graduate nurse can join the ANA. The ANA focuses on many policy issues that affect the nursing profession, such as health policy, health management, nursing practice, and health promotion.
NUR425 Discussion Post
Step 1: In your initial post to this discussion forum, respond to the following prompts. Include personal and practice-related experiences or observations as examples that support your response.
Choose a disaster that has occurred in the United States within the last 20 years
Describe at least 2 actions that were taken in one of the following stages of the disaster response. What stage of disaster response? What was done, and which agency, organization or individuals completed these actions?
Pre-disaster Stage
Impact Stage
Emergency Stage
Recovery Stage
Evaluation Stage
     3. Analyze the impact of these actions on the disaster recovery
Step 2: Your initial post should be 2-3 paragraphs in length. In addition to your original post, be sure to provide a meaningful response to at least two of your peers’ posts. Read other students’ postings and respond to at least two other students’ postings. Responsive posts should further explore the factors influencing the response to the disaster and the functions/roles of the public health nurse in disaster situations. Use a professional tone when interacting with your peers.
NUR425 Student Posts:
Student#1: The disaster investigated in this case is Hurricane Harvey which occurred in 2017 from 17th August to 3rd September in Texas and Louisiana. The hurricane caused more than 100 deaths (68 direct and 39 indirect), catastrophic flooding and became the most expensive tropical cyclone recorded with up to $125 billion in damages. The hurricane also required more than 17,000 rescues and caused displacement of over 30,000 people. (Black Jr, Graham, Black, Uhl, Dulock, Gleason, & Stevens, 2017).
Considering the emergency stage of disaster response, FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) played a significant role in the response. 28 Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) teams were assigned by FEMA to be deployed to aid local agencies and the state with the effort of saving lives. Over 6,000 people and over 200 animals were rescued with the use of high-water trucks and boats. In addition, FEMA provided 10,300 hygiene kits, 3 million liters of water, 3 million meals, 8,840 cots and 9,900 blankets to be distributed to survivors by the state. Furthermore, FEMA quickly supplied 186 million dollars in Public Assistance financing for reimbursement of state and local agencies for the expenditure on protective emergency measures and removal of wreckage. Also, FEMA cooperated with social media institutions in sharing information on the disaster, was engaged in the coordination of National Business Emergency Operations Center calls among 150 private sectors involved in the disaster response, and aided cell service companies in supplying charging stations for survivors of the disaster. (FEMA, 2017).
These actions played by FEMA in the disaster response impacted positively on the recovery from the Hurricane Harvey disaster. Countless lives were saved through rescue efforts that FEMA organized. Survivors were sheltered, fed, clothed, and given healthcare and financial aid as they came into terms with their losses and planned for their next steps. These actions greatly benefited the survivors physically, mentally, and psychologically as they recovered from the disaster.
Student #2: Hurricane Sandy is considered to be one of the deadliest natural disasters that struck the United States in late October 2012. The hurricane took only six days to form, and it resulted in deadly flooding, destructive winds, and mudslides (Force, 2013). Typically, Hurricane Sandy caused massive losses amounting to over $73.5 billion, implying that it was among the most expensive disasters in U.S. (Abramson & Redlener, 2012). This hurricane led to the death of about 150 people and resulted in the closure of the New York Stock Exchange for almost two days. Hurricane Storm also passed over Haiti, Jamaica, and the Dominican Republic and caused massive destruction to properties (Force, 2013). Lives were also lost, and the economy was paralyzed for a significant period.
In the pre-disaster stage, the National Hurricane Center assigned the local weather stations the role of offering advisory warnings to the public regarding the predicted hurricane. Members of the public were advised to relocate to safer places (Force, 2013). A procedure of relocating the people to recommended places was also put in place to reduce the risk of loss of lives. However, most of the residents chose not to evacuate (Abramson & Redlener, 2012). When the hurricane struck, many homes were destructed, and several people lost their lives as others sustained severe injuries. If the people had taken the safety advisory positively, no lives would have been lost. More importantly, the National Hurricane Center’s action of providing early warnings to the people was vital; otherwise, the death toll would have been higher. More than eight million people lost power due to the disaster, a situation that lasted for weeks in some areas (Abramson & Redlener, 2012). The state authorities provided funds to help resettle the victims, and plans were initiated to improve infrastructure to minimize future losses due to poor infrastructure.
solved For this assessment you will create a 5-10 minute video
/in /by adminFor this assessment you will create a 5-10 minute video reflection on an experience in which you collaborated interprofessionally, as well as a brief discussion of an interprofessional collaboration scenario and how it could have been better approached.Interprofessional collaboration is a critical aspect of a nurse’s work. Through interprofessional collaboration, practitioners and patients share information and consider each other’s perspectives to better understand and address the many factors that contribute to health and well-being (Sullivan et al., 2015). Essentially, by collaborating, health care practitioners and patients can have better health outcomes. Nurses, who are often at the frontlines of interacting with various groups and records, are full partners in this approach to health care.Reflection is a key part of building interprofessional competence, as it allows you to look critically at experiences and actions through specific lenses. From the standpoint of interprofessional collaboration, reflection can help you consider potential reasons for and causes of people’s actions and behaviors (Saunders et al., 2016). It also can provide opportunities to examine the roles team members adopted in a given situation as well as how the team could have worked more effectively.As you begin to prepare this assessment you are encouraged to complete the What is Reflective Practice? activity. The activity consists of five questions that will allow you the opportunity to practice self-reflection. The information gained from completing this formative will help with your success on the Collaboration and Leadership Reflection Video assessment. Completing formatives is also a way to demonstrate course engagementNote: The Example Kaltura Reflection demonstrates how to cite sources appropriately in an oral presentation/video. The Example Kaltura Reflection video is not a reflection on the Vila Health activity. Your reflection assessment will focus on both your professional experience and the Vila Health activity as described in the scenario.ReferencesSaunders, R., Singer, R., Dugmore, H., Seaman, K., & Lake, F. (2016). Nursing students’ reflections on an interprofessional placement in ambulatory care. Reflective Practice, 17(4), 393–402.Sullivan, M., Kiovsky, R., Mason, D., Hill, C., Duke, C. (2015). Interprofessional collaboration and education. American Journal of Nursing, 115(3), 47–54.Demonstration of ProficiencyCompetency 1: Explain strategies for managing human and financial resources to promote organizational health.Identify how poor collaboration can result in inefficient management of human and financial resources supported by evidence from the literature.Competency 2: Explain how interdisciplinary collaboration can be used to achieve desired patient and systems outcomes.Reflect on an interdisciplinary collaboration experience noting ways in which it was successful and unsuccessful in achieving desired outcomes.Identify best-practice interdisciplinary collaboration strategies to help a team to achieve its goals and work more effectively together.Competency 4: Explain how change management theories and leadership strategies can enable interdisciplinary teams to achieve specific organizational goals.Identify best-practice leadership strategies from the literature, which would improve an interdisciplinary team’s ability to achieve its goals.Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly, evidence-based communication strategies to impact patient, interdisciplinary team, and systems outcomes.Communicate via video with clear sound and light.The full reference list is from relevant and evidence-based (published within 5 years) sources, exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format.Professional ContextThis assessment will help you to become a reflective practitioner. By considering your own successes and shortcomings in interprofessional collaboration, you will increase awareness of your problem-solving abilities. You will create a video of your reflections, including a discussion of best practices of interprofessional collaboration and leadership strategies, cited in the literature.ScenarioAs part of an initiative to build effective collaboration at your Vila Health site, where you are a nurse, you have been asked to reflect on a project or experience in which you collaborated interprofessionally and examine what happened during the collaboration, identifying positive aspects and areas for improvement.You have also been asked to review a series of events that took place at another Vila Health location and research interprofessional collaboration best practices and use the lessons learned from your experiences to make recommendations for improving interprofessional collaboration among their team. Your task is to create a 5–10 minute video reflection with suggestions for the Vila Health team that can be shared with leadership as well as Vila Health colleagues at your site. Note: If you require the use of assistive technology or alternative communication methods to participate in this activity, please contact DisabilityServices@Capella.edu to request accommodations. If, for some reason, you are unable to record a video, please contact your faculty member as soon as possible to explore options for completing the assessment.InstructionsUsing Kaltura, record a 5–10 minute video reflection on an interprofessional collaboration experience from your personal practice, proposing suggestions on how to improve the collaboration presented in the Vila Health: Collaboration for Change activity.Be sure that your assessment addresses the following criteria. Please study the scoring guide carefully so you will know what is needed for a distinguished score:Reflect on an interdisciplinary collaboration experience, noting ways in which it was successful and unsuccessful in achieving desired outcomes.Identify how poor collaboration can result in inefficient management of human and financial resources, citing supporting evidence from the literature.Identify best-practice leadership strategies from the literature that would improve an interdisciplinary team’s ability to achieve its goals, citing at least one author from the literature.Identify best-practice interdisciplinary collaboration strategies to help a team achieve its goals and work together, citing the work of at least one author.Communicate in a professional manner, is easily audible, and uses proper grammar. Format reference list in current APA style.You will need to relate an experience that you have had collaborating on a project. This could be at your current or former place of practice, or another relevant project that will enable you to address the requirements. In addition to describing your experience, you should explain aspects of the collaboration that helped the team make progress toward relevant goals or outcomes, as well as aspects of the collaboration that could have been improved.A simplified gap-analysis approach may be useful:What happened?What went well?What did not go well?What should have happened?After your personal reflection, examine the scenario in the Vila Health activity and discuss the ways in which the interdisciplinary team did not collaborate effectively and the negative implications for the human and financial resources of the interdisciplinary team and the organization as a whole.Building on this investigation, identify at least one leadership best practice or strategy that you believe would improve the team’s ability to achieve their goals. Be sure to identify the strategy and its source or author and provide a brief rationale for your choice of strategy.Additionally, identify at least one interdisciplinary collaboration best practice or strategy to help the team achieve its goals and work more effectively together. Again, identify the strategy, its source, and reasons why you think it will be effective.You are encouraged to integrate lessons learned from your self-reflection to support and enrich your discussion of the Vila Health activity.You are required to submit an APA-formatted reference list for any sources that you cited specifically in your video or used to inform your presentation. The Example Kaltura Reflection will show you how to cite scholarly sources in the context of an oral presentation.Refer to the Campus tutorial Using Kaltura [PDF] as needed to record and upload your reflection.Additional RequirementsReferences: Cite at least 3 professional or scholarly sources of evidence to support the assertions you make in your video. Include additional properly cited references as necessary to support your statements.APA Reference Page: Submit a correctly formatted APA reference page that shows all the sources you used to create and deliver your video.You may wish to refer to the Campus APA Module for more information on applying APA style.Portfolio Prompt: Remember to save the final assessment to your ePortfolio so that you may refer to it as you complete the final Capstone course.
solved please reply to the following DQs with 150-200 words each.
/in /by adminplease reply to the following DQs with 150-200 words each. Thank youMiriam:The collection and evaluation of healthcare data from multiple sources are critical for optimizing patient care. Healthcare data analytics increases patient-provider communication and gives clinicians a more in-depth understanding of specific health concerns(Coquerel, 2021).In a nutshell, data normalization is the process of taking a source terminology and matching it to the most appropriate term in the destination technology. Medical terminologies coming from disparate systems, whether inside or outside an organization, must be normalized to standard terminologies before they can become actionable knowledge. Raw data in the form of incoming and internal medical terminology must be normalized and mapped to standardized code sets and terminologies such as ICD-9/10, SNOMED CT, LOINC (for labs), and RxNorm (for drugs). Once this piece of the interoperability equation is reconciled, the industry can achieve a more accurate picture of performance for better reporting and analytics. There are a lot of ways to say the same thing in medicine – whether that’s by using a colloquial term (heart attack), a more clinical one (myocardial infarction), or a billing code (121.9, acute myocardial infarction, unspecified). However, when looking to glean insights from healthcare data, it’s important to make sure that all of these different variations are harmonized under one clinical term so that everyone is speaking the same language.ReferencesCoquerel, J.-L. (2020). Different Types of Healthcare Data. Www.syntrixconsulting.com. https://www.syntrixconsulting.com/blog/different-t…Vanessa;Having knowledge about different types of data enables you to choose an accurate technique of analysis. Having an understanding of different data types is a key condition for performing Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) because you can use only a specific statistical measurement for certain data types.As stated by Perspective.ahima.org, “Clinical coding constitutes one of the fundamental functions in the field of health information management. Clinical classification systems and clinical terminologies represent two distinct sets of coding schemes that are used in healthcare. In this context, it is critical to distinguish between clinical terminologies and clinical classification systems, identify how both sets of systems are utilized in healthcare settings, and acknowledge individual contributions of each system to providing data infrastructure for clinical as well as administrative data uses in the healthcare delivery system” (Alakrawi, 2016)A reference phrasing can be characterized as a bunch of ideas and connections that give a typical reference highlight comparisons and aggregation of data about the whole medical services process, recorded by numerous various people, frameworks, or foundations. Arranged Nomenclature of Medicine–Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) addresses an illustration of clinical phrasings utilized in medical services. SNOMED CT is a normalized medical services phrasing that was initially evolved from a pathology-specific nomenclature called Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology. SNOMED CT is a controlled clinical wording that incorporates infections, clinical discoveries, etiologies, techniques, and wellbeing results. It tends to be utilized by doctors, medical caretakers, partnered wellbeing experts, veterinarians, and scientists.Reference:Zahraa M. Alakrawi, MS. “Clinical Terminology and Clinical Classification Systems: A Critique Using AHIMA’s Data Quality Management Model.†Perspectives in Health Information Management (Summer 2016): 1-19.Kari:As Raghupathi and Raghupathi indicated in their article Big data analytics in healthcare: promise and potential, “Big data encompasses such characteristics as variety, velocity and, with respect specifically to healthcare, veracity.†The four V’s are an example of the purpose of looking at different types of data.Volume: “health-related data will be created and accumulated continuously, resulting in an incredible volume of data. The already daunting volume of existing healthcare data includes personal medical records, radiology images, clinical trial data FDA submissions, human genetics, and population data genomic sequences, etc. Newer forms of big data, such as 3D imaging, genomics, and biometric sensor readings, are also fueling this exponential growth. (Raghupathi & Raghupathi, 2014).â€Variety: “The enormous variety of data—structured, unstructured, and semi-structured—is a dimension that makes healthcare data both interesting and challenging. … But increased variety and high velocity hinder the ability to cleanse data before analyzing it and making decisions, magnifying the issue of data “trustâ€. (Raghupathi & Raghupathi, 2014).â€Velocity: “Data is accumulated in real-time and at a rapid pace, or velocity. The constant flow of new data accumulating at unprecedented rates presents new challenges. Just as the volume and variety of data that is collected and stored has changed, so too has the velocity at which it is generated and that is necessary for retrieving, analyzing, comparing, and making decisions based on the output. … Velocity of mounting data increases with data that represents regular monitoring, such as multiple daily diabetic glucose measurements … [and] can mean the difference between life and death. … And as indicated prior, increased variety and high velocity hinder the ability to cleanse data before analyzing it and making decisions, magnifying the issue of data “trust†(Raghupathi & Raghupathi, 2014).â€Veracity: “Some practitioners and researchers have introduced a fourth characteristic, veracity, or ‘data assurance’. That is, the big data, analytics, and outcomes are error-free and credible. Of course, veracity is the goal, not (yet) the reality. …Veracity assumes the simultaneous scaling up in granularity and performance of the architectures and platforms, algorithms, methodologies, and tools to match the demands of big data (Raghupathi & Raghupathi, 2014).â€What is the role of clinical terminology in data aggregation, normalization, and reconciliation?A report delivered to the U.S. Congress in August 2012 defines big data as “large volumes of high velocity, complex, and variable data that require advanced techniques and technologies to enable the capture, storage, distribution, management and analysis of the information. … Ideally, individual and population data would inform each physician and her patient during the decision-making process and help determine the most appropriate treatment option for that particular patient (Raghupathi & Raghupathi, 2014).â€Also, [p]otential benefits include detecting diseases at earlier stages when they can be treated more easily and effectively; managing specific individual and population health, and detecting health care fraud more quickly and efficiently. Numerous questions can be addressed with big data analytics. Certain developments or outcomes may be predicted and/or estimated based on vast amounts of historical data, such as length of stay (LOS); patients who will choose elective surgery; patients who likely will not benefit from surgery; complications; patients at risk for medical complications; patients at risk for sepsis, MRSA, C. difficile, or other hospital-acquired illness; illness/disease progression; patients at risk for advancement in disease states; causal factors of illness/disease progression; and possible co-morbid conditions (Raghupathi & Raghupathi, 2014).â€The authors’ state that in their research IBM suggests big data analytics in healthcare can contribute to:Evidence-based medicine: Combine and analyze a variety of structured and unstructured data-EMRs, financial and operational data, clinical data, and genomic data to match treatments with outcomes, predict patients at risk for disease or readmission and provide more efficient care; Genomic analytics: Execute gene sequencing more efficiently and cost-effectively and make genomic analysis a part of the regular medical care decision process and the growing patient medical record;Pre-adjudication fraud analysis: Rapidly analyze large numbers of claim requests to reduce fraud, waste, and abuse;Device/remote monitoring: Capture and analyze in real-time large volumes of fast-moving data from in-hospital and in-home devices, for safety monitoring and adverse event prediction;Patient profile analytics: Apply advanced analytics to patient profiles (e.g., segmentation and predictive modeling) to identify individuals who would benefit from proactive care or lifestyle changes, for example, those patients at risk of developing a specific disease (e.g., diabetes) who would benefit from preventive care.ReferencesRaghupathi, W., & Raghupathi, V. (2014). Big data analytics in healthcare: Promise and potential. Health Information Science and Systems, 2(1), 3. https://10.1186/2047-2501-2-3
solved Analysis of the film Black Panther film from the Marvel
/in /by adminAnalysis of the film Black Panther film from the Marvel Avengers series.Final Part III (you still have to complete Part I and Part II of the final)=25 points of 59The questions that will guide your response 5 paragraphs (250 words per paragraph) are as follows: Using the theories and methods of anthropology we have learned in class, analyze the film Black Panther and try to explain the symbolism behind the fight between Killmonger and T’Challa. Think of all the themes of the class. Issues of egalitarian and non-egalitarian societies.Issues of ritual warfare, the History of Colonialism, Slavery, and ideas of revolution and Decolonization.Analyze the historical debates that the film portrays. More specifically, who represents the ideas of Toussaint Louverture (Haitian Revolution), Nat Turner, Frederick Douglass, of WEB Dubois, and who represents the ideas of Booker T Washington? How is that related to the History of the Civil rights movement, and to the local history of the Black Panther Party of Oakland?Also think of the life and ideas of Malcolm X his conversion to Islam and Martin Luther King Jr., and how both of these leaders were murdered and the relationship to the issues we are still living today with the movement of Black Lives Matter. You can also refer to the recent cases of Ahmaud Arbery, in Georgia and George Floyd in Minneapolis. And how that is related to the local experience in Oakland with Oscar Grant and the film about his murder by Bart Police in the Fruitvale Station. So YES THE FILM BLACK PANTHER ADDRESSES ALL THESE ISSUES if you are able to decode the information and apply the theories of Hegemony and Agency to your analysis.Thus, those of you that watched the film can do this option.Again the objective of this option is to encourage all the students that did not read the book of Sherry Ortner or those who did not watch any of the films. Please take this chance to pass the class. This is and additional source to analyze this important film.11-“Black Panther†and the Invention of “Africaâ€.pdf downloadRemember what we reviewed in Session Eleven: Decolonization, Sports as Ritual Warfare In that section you selected an author and a video to discuss in your post.So you know that there are many moments in the History of Modern Sports when African Americans athletes have demonstrated and declared themselves in support of the black liberation movements and for civil rights in the United States. And in our discussion you all demonstrated to be very familiar with the story of Colin Kaepernick and the kneeling down during the National Anthem before the NFL games.Hopefully you also took the time to watch the documentary of the story of Local hero John Carlos and the African American Athletes in the Mexico City Olympics of 1968.MalcolmX, Angela Davis & The Black Panthers, James Baldwin, and Frantz FanonThe Black Radical Tradition.pdf downloadIf you look on Kanopy, Amazon or Netflix you will see that there are many more movies and documentaries that can help you be more educated regarding these important issues.Rise! (This film was taken out of our sources sorry) In December 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama, heralding the dawn of a new movement of quiet resistance, with the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. as its public face. Before long, masses of African Americans practiced this nonviolent approach at great personal risk to integrate public schools, lunch counters and more.Malcolm X Murder In New YorkAs in the case of Martin Luther King and of Gandhi, Malcolm X will remain in the pantheon of the civil rights movement. And like them, he will be assassinated. On the 21st of February 1965, whilst he delivers a speech in New York to mark the opening of the “National Week of Fraternity”, he is shot dead in the presence of his wife and children.Malcolm X (The Movie)Angela Davis Still teaching and Organizing todayJames Baldwin on the Black Experience in AmericaAnimation from Ted Ed about the History of James Baldwin_______________________________________________________________________________________________Using the theories and methods of anthropology we have learned in class, analyze the film Black Panther and try to explain the symbolism behind the fight between Killmonger and T’Challa.Alsop remember that on the Lecture of CH 11 Class and Inequality I review part of this issue.Marvel Studios’ Black Panther – Official Trailer (Links to an external site.)Analysis of the film Black Panther film from the Marvel Avengers series.Final Part III (you still have to complete Part I and Part II of the final)=25 points of 59The questions that will guide your response 5 paragraphs (250 words per paragraph) are as follows: Using the theories and methods of anthropology we have learned in class, analyze the film Black Panther and try to explain the symbolism behind the fight between Killmonger and T’Challa. Think of all the themes of the class. Issues of egalitarian and non-egalitarian societies.Issues of ritual warfare, the History of Colonialism, Slavery, and ideas of revolution and Decolonization.Analyze the historical debates that the film portrays. More specifically, who represents the ideas of Toussaint Louverture (Haitian Revolution), Nat Turner, Frederick Douglass, of WEB Dubois, and who represents the ideas of Booker T Washington? How is that related to the History of the Civil rights movement, and to the local history of the Black Panther Party of Oakland?Also think of the life and ideas of Malcolm X his conversion to Islam and Martin Luther King Jr., and how both of these leaders were murdered and the relationship to the issues we are still living today with the movement of Black Lives Matter. You can also refer to the recent cases of Ahmaud Arbery, in Georgia and George Floyd in Minneapolis. And how that is related to the local experience in Oakland with Oscar Grant and the film about his murder by Bart Police in the Fruitvale Station. So YES THE FILM BLACK PANTHER ADDRESSES ALL THESE ISSUES if you are able to decode the information and apply the theories of Hegemony and Agency to your analysis.Thus, those of you that watched the film can do this option.Again the objective of this option is to encourage all the students that did not read the book of Sherry Ortner or those who did not watch any of the films. Please take this chance to pass the class. This is and additional source to analyze this important film.11-“Black Panther†and the Invention of “Africaâ€.pdf downloadRemember what we reviewed in Session Eleven: Decolonization, Sports as Ritual Warfare In that section you selected an author and a video to discuss in your post.So you know that there are many moments in the History of Modern Sports when African Americans athletes have demonstrated and declared themselves in support of the black liberation movements and for civil rights in the United States. And in our discussion you all demonstrated to be very familiar with the story of Colin Kaepernick and the kneeling down during the National Anthem before the NFL games.Hopefully you also took the time to watch the documentary of the story of Local hero John Carlos and the African American Athletes in the Mexico City Olympics of 1968.MalcolmX, Angela Davis & The Black Panthers, James Baldwin, and Frantz FanonThe Black Radical Tradition.pdf downloadIf you look on Kanopy, Amazon or Netflix you will see that there are many more movies and documentaries that can help you be more educated regarding these important issues.Rise! (This film was taken out of our sources sorry) In December 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama, heralding the dawn of a new movement of quiet resistance, with the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. as its public face. Before long, masses of African Americans practiced this nonviolent approach at great personal risk to integrate public schools, lunch counters and more.Malcolm X Murder In New YorkAs in the case of Martin Luther King and of Gandhi, Malcolm X will remain in the pantheon of the civil rights movement. And like them, he will be assassinated. On the 21st of February 1965, whilst he delivers a speech in New York to mark the opening of the “National Week of Fraternity”, he is shot dead in the presence of his wife and children.Malcolm X (The Movie)Angela Davis Still teaching and Organizing todayJames Baldwin on the Black Experience in AmericaAnimation from Ted Ed about the History of James Baldwin_______________________________________________________________________________________________Using the theories and methods of anthropology we have learned in class, analyze the film Black Panther and try to explain the symbolism behind the fight between Killmonger and T’Challa.Alsop remember that on the Lecture of CH 11 Class and Inequality I review part of this issue.Marvel Studios’ Black Panther – Official Trailer (Links to an external site.)
solved (2) 125 words with 3 references (please use the classmates
/in /by admin(2) 125 words with 3 references (please use the classmates references) One: Medicare and Medicaid came about in 1965 from the Social Security Act by Former President Lyndon B. Johnson. (Weissert and Weissert, 2019). The Federal Government and States are the only governing entities of Medicaid. (Weissert and Weissert, 209). The ACA of 2010 promoted Medicaid expansion effective in 2014. The Supreme Court took on a National Federation of Independent Business V. Selbius at the 2011-2012 term. There are two provisions the Supreme Court was ruling on The individual mandate of the ACA of 2010 and Medicaid expansion to determine the constitutionality. (Kaiser Foundation, 2012). The individual mandate was determined constitutional and required people to have minimal health coverage for themselves and family members through the employer-covered insurance plan, the marketplace, Medicare or Medicaid, or other federally funded health insurance plans. ((Kaiser Foundation, 2012). There is no doubt that the Supreme Court ruling would impact the ACA of 2010 and Medicaid Expansion. Discussion The Supreme Court ruling on Medicaid Expansion impacted the state’s decision to implement the Medicaid expansion. To be clear, the Supreme Court ruling on either provision was not unanimous. The states had to meet the federal government requirements to receive the reimbursements from the ACA of 2010. One requirement was to implement the EMR by January of 2014. (Weissert and Weissert, 2019). The states slowly adapted to the new rules of the Medicaid expansion, and in 2012, 32 states and 21 states in 2013 started to simplify the enrollment process. (Kaiser Foundation, 2012). The Federal funding will increase in 2013 for primary care physicians and provider rates. (Kaiser Foundation, 2012). Benefits continue to be added, such as behavioral health and dental benefits. (Kaiser Foundation, 2012). Long-term care facilities are also included in the benefits of Medicaid expansion. Medicaid matched the funds for long-term care facilities. (Kaiser Foundation, 2012). Federal law before the ACA excluded non-disabled adults who were not pregnant with dependent children. People could apply for waivers for exceptions. The ACA of 2010 did include those that were formerly turned down. (Kaiser Foundation, 2012). The Supreme Court ruled that the individual mandate was constitutional, and it included a penalty for those who did not have health insurance. “The financial penalty will be a percentage of household income, subject to a floor and capped at the price of the forgone insurance coverage, assessed and collected by the IRS and reported on federal income tax returns. The penalty is the greater of $95 or 1% of income in 2014, $325 or 2% of income in 2015, and $695 or 2.5% of income in 2016, up to a maximum amount equal to the national average premium for bronze level health plans in the exchanges for the respective year. After 2016, the penalty dollar amounts are subject to an annual cost-of-living adjustment.” (ACA of 2010, 2010). I have come across many people in my personal life that paid the penalty rather than the high cost of health insurance. The lower rates were still too high for them to pay for coverage, and the penalty was cheaper to pay. ConclusionMedicaid expansion was left up to the states if they wanted to implement it or not. However, if the states implemented the expansion it would reduce the uninsured but increase enrollment by 41%. (Kaiser Foundation, 2012). The Supreme Court ruling allows states to incorporate the cost into their budgets or meet the Federal government requirements and let them pay 90% and the states 10%. (Kaiser Foundation, 2012). Whether people agree that Medicaid expansion is needed or not, it does help low-income people some help in the healthcare world that is so expensive and in a recovery part of the economic world due to a pandemic. every little bit of the Medicaid program is needed. ReferencesAffordable Care Act of 2010, (2010), 111th U.S. Congress, Retrieved from https://Congress.Gov.Kaiser Family Foundation. (2012). A guide to the Supreme Court’s affordable care act decision. Retrieved from http://www.kff.org/healthreform/upload/8332.pdf.Weissert, W. G., & Weissert, C. S. (2019). Governing Health: The Politics of Health Policy (5th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. Two: Introduction: The Supreme Court ruled that the Affordable Care Act is constitutional, and states had a choice whether to expand Medicaid or not. The decision was historic as Medicaid has been controversial, and the issue of unconstitutionality was upsetting the states and the public against expanding Medicaid. The law provided for expanding Medicaid eligibility to 133% of the poverty level and provided federal funds to states for this expansion. The decision meant that all Americans have the right to Medicaid, insurance coverage because the federal government pays for the health program with taxpayer money. The ruling benefited more than 30 million uninsured Americans, and they can now access affordable and reliable health care (Jones, 2013). More than seven US presidents have been trying to repair the broken US healthcare system that prevents some people from accessing affordable healthcare. However, Lyndon B. Johnson brought hope to Americans in 1965 after creating Medicaid and Medicare. Therefore, the court upheld the argument that every American should have some form of health insurance (Berkowitz, 2005).Discussion: The opponents of ACA had launched a case against Medicaid expansion, and they argued that the act was unconstitutional. However, the majority were for the idea that everyone should have access to Medicaid. The court ruling by the five judges was that Medicaid and its expansion are constitutional, and every state has to decide whether to expand Medicaid or not. The main aim of expanding Medicaid is to reduce uninsured people (Frisvold & Jung, 2018). Factually, uninsured people may carry heavy healthcare burdens because they pay the full cost of healthcare while other taxpayers have access to affordable care. Thus, the ruling created a platform to save people who have been locked out and allow them to access care. The legislation permitted Medicaid to be expanded to cover low-income (Garfield, 2020). Thus, more adults become eligible for Medicaid, which means that the adults who have been locked out because of their income levels can now access affordable healthcare. The impact of the decision on the US population is that some states against the expansion of Medicaid had to comply with the order to cover more poor people. Factually, many states heavily depend on Medicaid funds provided by the federal government. The federal government agreed to increase its Medicaid funding to the states that expand the affordable healthcare program (Weissert & Weissert, 2019). The federal government was not bothered by whether states use the additional funds for the intended purposes. The law left many states with no choice but to expand Medicaid because they heavily rely on Medicaid funds. Some states see the ruling as an act of coercion by the federal government to the state governments to expand Medicaid.Conclusion: The impact of the ruling on the people who have insurance is that the insurance costs will be kept low. The overall premiums are likely to drop by 11 to 27%. Thus, the burden of health insurance premiums will be reduced significantly. To the people older people and those in poor health, they have the opportunity to cater for health services comfortably. However, to the young and healthy people, the ruling is not suitable for them because they have to pay for the plan that eventually helps old and sick people (Schmidt, Shore-Sheppard & Watson, 2019). Overall, the ruling has a positive impact on the Americans who are experiencing difficult times paying for the skyrocketing cost of healthcare. References Berkowitz E. (2005). Medicare and Medicaid: the past as prologue. Health care financing review, 27(2), 11–23.Jones E. C. (2013). Supreme Court decision on the Affordable Care Act: What does it mean for neurology?. Neurology. Clinical practice, 3(1), 61–66. https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0b013e318283ffb9Garfield, R., Damico, A., & Orgera, K. (2020). The coverage gap: uninsured poor adults in states that do not expand Medicaid. Peterson KFF-Health System Tracker. DisponÃvel em:. Acesso em, 29.Frisvold, D. E., & Jung, Y. (2018). The impact of expanding Medicaid on health insurance coverage and labor market outcomes. International journal of health economics and management, 18(2), 99-121.Schmidt, L., Shore-Sheppard, L., & Watson, T. (2019). The Impact of Expanding Public Health Insurance on Safety Net Program Participation: Evidence from the ACA Medicaid Expansion (No. w26504). National Bureau of Economic Research.Weissert, W. G., & Weissert, C. S. (2019). Governing Health: The Politics of Health Policy (5th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
solved Assessment 1 Instructions: Framework for Data Management and Governance Plan
/in /by adminAssessment 1 Instructions: Framework for Data Management and Governance Plan (DMGP)Write a 3-4 page recommendation that describes and justifies a proposed data maintenance and governance plan (DMGP) framework. Include a diagram that visually represents the proposed framework.Data management is the management of data and its resources. It consists of developing and executing the policies, practices, and procedures to guide the proper management of data throughout an organization. One of the first challenges in managing data is identifying the organization’s core business processes and their relationship to data users, sources, and systems. As technology and health information systems become more sophisticated, challenges for effective data management increase. Data has become so critical to organizational business models that it is often considered an enterprise asset. Enterprise data management (EDM) is the ability to effectively process, integrate, and store data for the entire organization and its systems—or enterprise. In health care organizations, EDM consists of the accurate and timely transmission of different data sets to carry out business processes and clinical care.Data governance, the overall management of data integrity, security, and availability, also recognizes data as an asset. Data governance provides oversight for enterprise data management. It ensures all of the following best practices are in place: data control, data quality, authority, and decision making. In other words, enterprise data management resides within the data governance realm.Creating a framework or structure for data governance is critical to understanding how an organization manages data and to establishing enterprise information management strategies. The framework is also key to effective governance and oversight of the data, including addressing privacy and security concerns. A data governance framework needs to provide the structures and resources necessary to mitigate data management issues. For this assessment, you will assume the role of the Privacy and Security Manager for Independence Medical Center, part of the Vila Health System. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) is keenly aware of the increase in the volume of data coming into the organization and has asked you to develop a data management and governance plan. Demonstration of ProficiencyBy successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria: Competency 1: Manage data from multiple sources.Describe enterprise information management.Distinguish data management from data governance.Competency 2: Recommend data integration strategy for multiple sources and data governance.Explain a data governance plan’s importance.Outline a data management and governance plan’s (DMGP) structure.Create a diagram that illustrates a DMGP’s framework and associated data sources.Competency 5: Communicate professionally in a health care environment.Create clear, well-organized, professional documents that are generally free of errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.Follow APA formatting and style guidelines for citations and references.PreparationIn this assessment, you will be tasked with creating a data management and governance plan (DMGP) for Independence Medical Center, part of the Vila Health system. To create your DMGP, first view the following media piece to learn more about Independence Medical Center’s data needs. In this media piece, you will have an opportunity to talk with the risk manager, stakeholders, and various departments to learn about how Independence Medical center currently manages data from multiple sources within the organization. You will need to use information you learn from the media piece in your assessment. Vila Health: Framework for Data Management and Governance Plan | Transcript.InstructionsFor this assessment, you are Independence Medical Center’s Privacy and Security Manager. Based on the volume of data coming into the organization, your boss, the CIO, has asked you to review data from throughout the medical center and create a data management and governance plan (DMGP) based on your findings. You will start with a framework for the plan. This assessment consists of two parts.Part 1: RecommendationWrite a 3–4 page recommendation to the CIO in which you describe and justify your DMGP framework. When creating your recommendation, remember to keep in mind that you are managing data from multiple sources. The CIO has asked you to include all of the following headings and to answer all of the questions underneath each heading:Enterprise Information Management (1/2 page).What is enterprise information management?Why is it important?Data Governance (1/2 page).What is data governance?Why is it important?Data Governance vs. Data Management (1/2 page).What is the difference between data governance and data management?Framework for DMGP (1 1/2 to 2 pages).How does a DMGP help an organization manage and govern data from multiple sources?What DMGP structure do you recommend Independence Medical Center adopt?How, specifically, will your DMGP help Independence Medical Center manage and govern data from multiple sources? Conclusion (1 to 2 paragraphs).What are the two or three major findings you want the CIO to remember from your recommendation?Note: Remember that health care is an evidence-based field. Be sure to support the points you make in your recommendation with multiple references to current, scholarly, and/or authoritative sources. Part 2: DiagramCreate a diagram that visually represents your DMGP framework. Specify within your diagram all of the following:Data users: Consider types of users and stakeholders.Data organization: Include the types of data, the sources of that data, and the systems that provide the data.Data processes: Detail the processes, practices, and rules and reporting that you would recommend Independence Medical Center adopt to better govern and manage its data. Notes: Be sure that the information in your diagram is also addressed in your recommendation from Part 1.Use any software with which you feel comfortable to create your diagram. Examples include Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Visio, et cetera. Additional RequirementsLength: 3–4 double-spaced pages, in addition to the diagram.Font and font size: Times Roman, 12-point type. APA: Follow APA style and formatting guidelines for citations and references. Include a separate References page. Writing: Create a clear, well-organized, professional document that is generally free of errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.Activity: Data Governance FrameworkDATA GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKClick the linked Data Governance Framework title above to view a media piece. In this scenario-based interactive activity, you will see Independence Medical Center’s CEO press the organization’s CIO about his proposal to implement a data maintenance and governance plan (DMGP). The CEO wants answers to these questions:Why does Independence Medical Center need a DMGP?How will Independence Medical Center create and implement such a plan?What exactly will Independence Medical Center’s DMGP govern?You will have the opportunity to help Independence Medical Center’s CIO determine what topics he needs to cover with the CEO to answer these questions. This practice will serve you well as you complete the first assessment, which requires you to create a framework for Independence Medical Center’s DMGP.Activity: Data Governance FrameworkDATA GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKClick the linked Data Governance Framework title above to view a media piece. In this scenario-based interactive activity, you will see Independence Medical Center’s CEO press the organization’s CIO about his proposal to implement a data maintenance and governance plan (DMGP). The CEO wants answers to these questions:Why does Independence Medical Center need a DMGP?How will Independence Medical Center create and implement such a plan?What exactly will Independence Medical Center’s DMGP govern?You will have the opportunity to help Independence Medical Center’s CIO determine what topics he needs to cover with the CEO to answer these questions. This practice will serve you well as you complete the first assessment, which requires you to create a framework for Independence Medical Center’s DMGP.Resources: Enterprise Information ManagementDearborn, J. (2013). Five steps to a complete enterprise data management strategy. Health Management Technology, 34(11), 14–15.Although older, this article’s approach is unique in its focus on enterprise data management strategy specifically in health care. This is worth the read.Expert Viewpoints on Enterprise Architecture | Transcript.McCann, L. F., Henciak, W. A., & Durand, E. (2016). Reinventing HIM as enterprise content management. Journal of AHIMA, 87(7), 34–38.Overview of Enterprise Systems | Transcript.
solved It is important that you learn how to critically review
/in /by adminIt is important that you learn how to critically review research. In our society today, we are exposed to so much information and so many studies. Some of that information is excellent, some is useful, and some is very, very bad. How can you determine what information is useful and what is dangerous? One way is to take a course like Critical Thinking; however, the facts that I give you will be outdated all too soon. The most important thing you will learn from this course — and from your college education — is how to evaluate the information critically that is presented to you. Critical thinking involves asking five questions: who, what, when, where, how.Find and read an article in the media or a video clip that reports the results of a scientific study. You must include the link to the website. It is essential that the article you review would either argue for something or present a theory or idea with supporting evidence for its claims or conclusion. News items, even if they are about scientific discoveries are not suited for this assignment because news items report the news (naturally) and provide no theory or arguments and supporting evidence that could be criticized based on its strengths/weaknesses. Explanations/educational articles (such as WebMD explaining to us what certain conditions are) not good for our purposes either because they teach us something, telling us what is what, and thus do not provide supporting evidence that could be criticized. Teaching/explaining are very different from arguing! Please keep this in mind when you choose an article! Discuss how accurately did the mass media report the study? Answer the above five questions about the article (Who, What, When, Where, and How). Refer to page 353 of your text and be sure to cover all the highlights discussed. Do NOT use entertainment or sports articles for your review. The articles must be research-based and must include claims/conclusions and supporting evidence, which are to be criticized!. Directions:You will write a one-page critical review of the article. The review should answer each of the five questions. You must cite your source. If it is a website, please make sure you put the entire web address. Remember you are evaluating critically, not just summarizing. See the examples below the grading rubric:Week 4: Critical ReviewPoint ValueAdequately covers and answers the 5 questions, plus the summary section (10 points per section) 60 pointsChooses a scholarly/research article that presents a claim/idea/conclusion + supporting evidence that can be evaluated based on the strength/weakness of that evidence 20 pointsMeets the required word minimum (150 words) and posts word count 10 pointsFollows APA formatting with parenthetical citations and referencing 10 pointsTotal: 100 pointsCRITICAL THINKING REVIEW EXAMPLES:Critical thinking involves asking five questions – who, when, what, where, how.You should organize your paper in the following manner: Your Name Critical ReviewAuthor, I. (date of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume #, page #-#.OR Author, I. (date of publication if available). Title of article. Retrieved [date accessed] from the World Wide Web: [Web site address]Where: Where did this article/Web page appear? Is this reasonable? Is the publishing entity respectable/responsible? Who: Who wrote/published the article/Web page? What are their credentials? Are the credentials appropriate for their argument?When: Is this current information? If yes, do you think it will stand the “test of timeâ€? If no, is it outdated or is it classic? What: What argument is/are the author(s) making? Is it logical? Based on what you know, is it reasonable? What evidence is given to support the argument? Can you think of evidence to refute it?How: How was the supporting/refuting evidence collected? Is this credible? What kind of evidence do you think needs to be gathered to test the argument? Did the author(s) do this? Summarize the quality of the article (it does not have to be a “good†article in your opinion), and whether you consider this to be a worthwhile and trustworthy article. Did you think it was biased? Could the author have underlying motives? What do you think? Is it valid?NOTE: Do not simply answer yes or no to the questions above. Write a thoughtful response to each section. SAMPLE CRITICAL REVIEWS:Critical Review Kathleen Doheny, Nov 18, 2010. Mental Illness Affects 1 in 5 Americans. Retrieved on November 26, 2010 from http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/news/20101118/m… Where: The WebMD website provides valuable health information tools for managing health and support to those who seek health information. WebMD provides credible information by board-certified physicians, award-winning journalists, and trained community moderators. WebMD verifies the qualifications of all medical professionals on the site to bring credible information at all times. Who: The article was written by Kathleen Doheny, a Los Angeles-based journalist specializing in health, fitness, and behavior topics. In addition to writing for WebMD, she contributes regularly to other websites and to national magazines such as Los Angeles Times, Shape, Natural Health, Westways, Weight Watchers Magazine, Prevention magazine, Consumers Digest, cancerandcareers.org,and webvet.com. The article was revised by Laura J. Martin, MD, MPH a medical editor for WebMD who is responsible for reviewing WebMD news and feature stories to ensure their medical accuracy. Dr. Martin has many years of experience in the practice of both inpatient and outpatient internal medicine. She has served as a medical educator in the fields of general internal medicine, palliative care, and medical ethics. When: This article seems to be current as it was written on November 18, 2010. What: This report shows the result of a new government survey that indicates that 1 in 5 adult Americans had experienced mental illness in the past year. The information is supported by statistics from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental Health Findings conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA). The argument here is that mental health is not considered to be part of health, and people don’t access health for themselves because they don’t appreciate is a disorder. The article intends to encourage people to accept mental illness as part of health and to seek attention for this problem. With the statistic shown I can say that is a great article to show people the facts of Mental illness, and to seek the appropriate help for the disorder. How: The sources for this article were cited. I was able to verify the statistics, and I was able to visit the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) web site, and concluded that the article was well cited, and there are no biases for medications, or treatments. In summary, this is a good tool in regards of knowing some realities of mental disorders, as well as to start helping yourself and others to seek the deserved attention to mental disorders they need. WC/425****************************************************************Critical ReviewLu, S. What’s Wrong with Just One Drink? Why Pregnancy and Alcohol don’t mix. Retrieved 2004 from Prevention Magazine. Where: Prevention Magazine is a magazine that offers information on any kind of health information. It ranges from health, weight loss, fitness, nutrition, beauty, recipes, etc. Who: Stacy Lu is a freelance writer and editor who lives in Allendale, New Jersey. There are no other credentials on this writer. When: The site has a copyright date of 2004, but was as last updated on 12/9/2004.What: The article talks about why pregnancy and alcohol is bad for you even though you may have some Dr’s that say it’s ok to have one drink. The article is saying it doesn’t matter how far along you are any amount of alcohol is bad for the baby due to the fact that alcohol passes through the placenta to the baby. The argument is valid because it is telling you no matter what stage you’re in during your pregnancy alcohol is bad for you, and it also states the damages alcohol can have on your baby before the baby is born. The evidence is also showing how alcohol can affect a child all the way into their teenage years. The evidence even showed woman that did drink usually delivered smaller babies. How: The evidence was collected by researchers in Pittsburgh and also by a Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic. Stacy did a very good job at backing her information with what the researchers found. Summarize: In my opinion this article was a very good one. I say this because it actually opened my eyes to different things when it comes to pregnancy. I do not have any children so it’s different for me. All this time I thought it was ok for someone who is pregnant to have one drink, but now I understand why that isn’t ok and how it can harm the baby.
solved Respond/Give feedback to four discussion posts1. Spending many years in
/in /by adminRespond/Give feedback to four discussion posts1. Spending many years in the ABA field, and now pursuing a BCBA certification, I find myself incredibly passionate about everything surrounding autistic individuals. Various biases could be present, especially regarding ABA. The first that comes to mind is the idea that the same strategies and interventions that work with one individual, will work with another. When in reality, that is not the case.2. I tend to focus on the topic of homelessness and mental health and how past trauma can affect them. When speaking about this topic before it is certainly a broad question and some people may not feel as though homelessness is due to mental illness but possibly laziness on that individual’s part. I think I also have this passion because unfortunately my brother is homeless and we did go through a lot as children. To hide feelings from the past he began drinking and doing other things which lead him to be irresponsible. I took care of him for a while but felt like I was enabling him. Thereof course on my bed would be that personal biased. If ones personal opinion is put into this research it should be supported by factual evidence.3. The situation overheard by the observer is entangled with a host of ethical, multicultural, and legal issues. The first issue introduced is the sharing of information about a client, which violates numerous codes in Section 4: Privacy and Confidentiality of the APA (2017) Code of Ethics. Subsection B of 4.04 Minimizing Intrusions on Privacy is violated as the conversation does not appear to be for a scientific or professional purpose (APA, 2017) and as Jim’s secretary, it is not germane for Sara to know the specifics of what is occurring in the sessions in the way of the client’s anxieties and preferential activities, as those do not influence her work, nor can Sara likely provide reciprocal information that can aid concerns of any issue; this continues as a violation of 4.05 Disclosures, without knowledge of the client’s consent we must assume she doesn’t know this is occurring, should only be occurring for service, consultation, protective, or financial reasons (APA, 2017). None of what Jim and Sara discuss directly attaches to one of those categories. Even if it did, any Sara could feasibly be consulted about this client, the specific detail of the client being a disabled cross dresser is information that could quickly lead to client identification, violating 4.06 Consultations (APA, 2017). As Jim is not seeking any information from Sara, not asking questions about the cross-dressing community or the type of disability the client has to aid Jim’s competency, this level of detail in consulting is not ethically appropriate. The rest of the main ethical issues in this case are also legal issues, namely the release of a protected psychological test to a client without the necessary qualifications, and the sexual relationship indicated at between Jim and Sara, which could introduce a host of legal issues regarding sexual harassment or questions regarding employment law. Releasing the protected test to his client exposes Jim to a violation of 9.02 Use of Assessments as he is going against the known application of the test (APA, 2017) in a way that could impact the results. It also violates 9.07 Assessment by Unqualified Persons, as he has given the client enough materials that she could use the techniques to complete the assessment without the necessary education or supervision (APA, 2017); 9.09 is also violated as Jim holds the responsibility for appropriate test application (APA, 2017) which is no longer possible due to his release of the test information prior to testing. Finally, Jim blatantly violates 9.11 Maintaining Test Security as he violates the security of the test and it’s qualification levels in sending it home with the client, completely eradicating a pretense of reasonable protective efforts (APA, 2017). Legally, psychological assessments are created and published with qualification levels, which determine the necessary education or training needed to safely evaluate the test and it’s results (Pearson, 2021). Any test that is a qualification B or C level requires a level of training that is at least at Master’s level competency or that equivalence (Pearson, 2021) to allow purchase and use. Jim is deliberately side stepping this level by giving the client the test. While this wouldn’t be considered colluding or upcoding (Fisher, 2017) as the client isn’t part of this and as of yet the test hasn’t determined any diagnosis, the questions of harm raised are quite similar as Jim is interfering with assessment and diagnosis of this client by giving her a chance to review and prepare for an assessment when that is not mentioned by Jim to be part of the tests design.Introducing a sexual or intimate relationship into the workplace, particularly when the business is co-owned by a married couple, violates 2.06 Personal Problems and Conflicts, as the relationship was initiated knowing Jim was married and shared the business with his husband, knowing that could damage the business (APA, 2017). Additionally, a romantic relationship between Jim and Sara could impact completion of work-related activities (APA, 2017) which is already demonstrated in Sara asking for time off so she can buy lingerie to wear for Jim. While Sara is a coworker and not a client, 3.05 Multiple Relationships could still be argued to be violated as she and Jim are both in a professional role with each other as well as another role (APA, 2017) in their out-of-work engagement. As Jim owns the business, it could also be considered that his engagement with Sara, whose job he controls, could be deemed exploitative, violating 3.08 (APA, 2017). Legally, questions of sexual conduct and harassment in the workplace have been notably highlighted in recent years as the #MeToo movement has accelerated (Cavico & Mujtaba, 2021). As not only a superior but the business owner, the line regarding relationship appropriateness between Jim and Sara would have been blurry even before considerations of his marriage. As sexual favoritism (Cavico & Mujtaba, 2021) may be clearly demonstrated by Sara’s leaving work in order to purchase lingerie, there are already legal lines of office discrimination due to sexual favor that have been demonstrated and violated in this problem based scenario. There are several multicultural considerations and concerns involved, for both the Observer if they wish to report, as well as in the details presented overall. A primary focus for multicultural considerations in the case is the gender impact of the sexual relationship between Jim and Sara. Khan, Jianguo, Usman, & Ahmad (2017) show in their study that workplace romances have stronger, though indirect, influences on males work performance than for females. Given that Jim is the one directly interacting with clients regarding psychological health, the impact of the relationship on his work performance may be more significant than it would have been if Sara was the psychologist business owner and Jim the secretary. Additionally, as Jim is a social minority as both a man of color and as a bisexual, the Observer may have to approach any accusations with care, as her position as a white person, particularly when approaching her boss about his sexual relationship, may be perceived to play on stereotypes (Carter, 2015) if she is not careful in her approach and considerations.4. The case scenario provided is full of multiple ethical violations. One of the main ones that was noticed is the breaching of confidentiality, which is a direct violation of the APA Standard 4.06. Standard 4.06 states that when colleagues are speaking with each other and consulting, there should be no sharing of information that could identify the client and they only share information relevant to the reason for the consultation (American Psychological Association, 2016). Jim (the male professor) uses his clients first name, dispels information regarding her mental health, and private information about her religious beliefs. The religious beliefs being mentioned also lead into the cultural violations that Jim made. Jim specifically stated that he knew that she would not want to take the copy of the test home if she knew about it being inappropriate/not allowed. He continued to bring the test option up, despite knowing it was against her beliefs/morals. This was shown in the way that he spoke about her beliefs following. Finally, the legal issues present are that Jim could lose his license. All it would take would be for the new hire to report him to the APA and that would continue with the process of evaluating him as well as potentially losing his license. Jim acted beyond inappropriately in a short amount of time. It is expected that if he acts so freely in public, there is probably other inappropriate activities.
solved Response to Daniel Discussion For this week’s discussion we are
/in /by adminResponse to Daniel Discussion
For this week’s discussion we are applying what we learned from Chapter 7 (Rehabilitation) in a meaningful way to clarify our understanding of the correctional system. The following paragraphs will address how the public supports early intervention and rehabilitation, while at the same time, many people are still in prison or being sent away. We will also discuss how rehabilitation and early intervention programs are not something that is more common in everyday correctional proceedings. There are barriers that prevent early intervention from being more widely used and we will identify those barriers. As with any discussion, we will provide an opposing viewpoint. In this case, we will list arguments against rehabilitation and why some people may feel this way. A Christian worldview as it relates to rehabilitation will also be discussed. Finally, we will wrap everything up with a conclusion.
Support for Rehabilitation and Early Intervention
           “Rehabilitation is the planned correctional intervention that targets for change internal and/or social criminogenic factors with the goal of reducing recidivism, and where possible, of improving other aspects of an offender’s life†(Cullen & Jonson, 2017, p.173). For rehabilitation to work, it must be well developed by the correctional system. It is imperative that the intervention focuses on the factors that are causing a person to offend. The end state is reducing recidivism and keeping society safe. Cullen & Jonson describe that a systematic approach to implementing programs based on the principles of effective intervention. In Chapter 7, they describe the Canadian model of effective intervention, known as The RNR Model. The three principles of this model are (R)isk, (N)eed, and (R)esponsivity. The need principle tells us that interventions should target the known predictors of crime and recidivism for change. The need principle bases the treatment on the offender’s criminal history and antisocial values. The second principle is responsivity. Responsivity tells us that treatment should be behavioral, social learning, and cognitive-behavioral in nature. This type of intervention is intensive and can last up to 9 months. Offenders will spend a majority of their time I these programs. The goal is to have the participants learn a set of behavioral skills that will keep them from committing crimes. The third treatment intervention is called the risk principle. According to Cullen & Jonson, this type of intervention should be used with high-risk offenders. High-risk offenders, while more hardened, have more that they can change about themselves. Not only in corrections but in other realm of human behavior, it appears that the best predictions are made through the use of actuarial-based assessment instruments (Ayers, 2007). While the RNR principles may not save society from all crime, studies have shown that when used properly, RNR intervention had a 15% lower recidivism rate than a control group that did not receive RNR intervention (Bonta et al., 2011).Â
                                                        Barriers to Early Intervention and Rehabilitation
Early intervention programs seek to prevent at-risk juveniles from growing up to become criminals. Studies have shown that once someone enters the adult criminal justice system, the likelihood of recidivism is about 50% or higher. Rehabilitation and early intervention are not very common in correctional proceedings. There are several reasons for this. In an article titled, Barriers to Implementing Effective Correctional Drug Treatment Programs, Farabee et al., (1999) identify and discuss six barriers to developing effective correctional treatment. These barriers are client identification assessments, recruiting and training of staff, redeployment of correctional staff, over reliance on institutional versus therapeutic sanctions, aftercare, and coercion. Without diving too deep into each topic, the article concluded that rapid and poorly planned implementation of these treatment programs, place them at risk of being ineffective.Â
                                                                               Opposing View
We cannot discuss an opposing view to rehabilitation and early intervention, without bringing up the Robert Martinson and his theory that “Nothing worksâ€, referring to rehabilitation. Martinson’s nothing work ideas, would work to discredit anything positive about correctional treatment, and who were disparaging of anyone who would suggest that offenders could be saved (Gottfredson, 1979). Martinson believed that since no one type of program could prove to work all of the time, then nothing works in correctional treatment. This theory by Martinson caused many to abandon criminal justice research and the study of rehabilitation. While Martinson’s theory was discussed in the 1970’s, there are still critics of rehabilitation, today. Today’s critics will argue that rehabilitation techniques have not proven to end recidivism. While this is partially true, that doesn’t mean that we should completely abandon attempts to rehabilitate offenders. Another argument is that the rehabilitative ideology inevitably depreciates tailoring sentences to the seriousness of the offense. Since more severe sentences have not shown their effectiveness in reducing recidivism, their value, even in the name of justice must be questioned (Weatherburn, 1982). While researching, I found numerous arguments against rehabilitation. Cullen & Jonson provide several strong reasons in Chapter 7, as to why we should continue to rehabilitate.
                                                                             Christian Worldview
There are many references in the Bible to rehabilitation. We are all sinners and must seek forgiveness at certain times in our life. James 5:16 tells us, “Confess your faults one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much†(King James Bible, 1769/2017, James 5:16). Ezekiel 36:26 also makes reference to rehabilitation and finding forgiveness, “A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you: and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh†(King James Bible, 1769/2017, Ezekiel 36:26). God promises to cleanse us from our sins, but we must turn to God in Christ and receives forgiveness. For criminal offenders, seeking forgiveness and dedicating themselves to rehabilitation, they are bringing themselves closer to God. They can also seek forgiveness through the church with confession.
                                                                                   Conclusion
In conclusion, this week’s discussion post discussed how the public supports early intervention and rehabilitation, while at the same time, many people are still in prison or being sent away. We touched on how rehabilitation and early intervention programs are not something that is more common in everyday correctional proceedings. We discussed Canadas RNR model for rehabilitation and how that model can be beneficial. We also discussed the difference between low-risk offenders and high-risk offenders as they relate to rehabilitation.  We discussed several barriers that prevent early intervention from being more widely use. As with any discussion, we discussed an opposing viewpoint, in this case, the “nothing works†theory of Robert Martinson. A Christian worldview was touched on as it relates to rehabilitation.
                                                      References
Ayers, I. (2007). Super crunchers: why thinking-by-the numbers is the new way to be smart. New York, NY: Bantam Books
Bonta, J., Bourgon, G., Rugge, T., Scott, T., Yessine, A., Gutierrez, K. & Li, J. (2011). An experimental demonstration of training probation officers in evidence-based community supervision, Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol. 11. Pp. 1127-1148
Cullen, F., & Jonson, C. (2017). Correctional theory: context and consequences. (2nd ed.). Â Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
Gottfredson, M.R., (1979). Treatment destruction techniques. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. Vol. 16. pp. 39-54
King James Bible. (2017). King James Bible Online. https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/ (Original work published 1769)
Weatherburn, D. (1982). Seven arguments against rehabilitation – an assessment of their validity. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology Vol.15.Â
solved Step 1: Reflect on your personal views related to nurses’
/in /by adminStep 1: Reflect on your personal views related to nurses’ being appointed to boards, organizations or other policy forming entities.
Step 2: Post a response to the discussion board by addressing the following questions:
Why would a nurse want to seek an appointed position in government?
How would you prepare for consideration to an appointed position?
Use research and give examples of how nurses can affect public policy in various appointed positions.
Step 3: Read other students’ posts and respond to at least two of them. Cite any sources in 7th ed. APA format.
Response Posts: In your responses to your classmates, contribute to the discussion with your own original opinions about why a nurse would seek an appointed position in government and offer other examples of how nurses can affect public policy.
NUR415 Student Posts:
Student #1: The experiences of many nurses practicing in the real world of healthcare are motivating them to take on some form of an advocacy role to influence a change in policies, laws, or regulations that govern the larger health care system (Abood, 2007).
Successful policy advocacy depends on having the power, the will, the time, and the energy, along with the political skills needed to ‘play the game’ in the legislative arena. Such as a deep understanding of the system of government, resilience, and composure.
The nursing profession has significant power to profoundly impact healthcare policy on a global scale. Additionally, the nurses of today are younger, more educated, and more diverse. They bring more energy, more ideas, and more ingenuity to the nursing profession – perhaps they will even bring more political activism (Brokaw, 2016).
Student #2: Seeking appointments to a governmental agency is one of the most effective ways to influence healthcare policy and uphold public service obligations within the nursing profession. Appointments can lead to a sense of accomplishment, recognition, and prestige and can enhance the prospects of an exciting career in government service. When preparing for consideration to an appointed position, start with an open mind. It is okay to turn down a board opportunity. Be objective in assessing the pros and cons of each option (Mason et al., 2020). You are likely qualified to serve on several boards, making sure it is the right opportunity for you. Understand your mission/passion. One of the best determinants of a good fit is aligning your interests, values, and passion with the organization’s mission (Mason et al., 2020). Think about why and how the role will be meaningful to you personally. Perform a self-assessment and assessment of the organization. First, conduct a self-assessment to determine what specific strengths you will bring to the board (Mason et al., 2020). Write down your skills, qualifications, and experience that will enable you to contribute as a board member. Next, assess the organization’s mission, leadership, culture, and values. Access multiple sources to learn everything you can about their strategic direction, financial position, and organization’s reputation (Mason et al., 2020). Finally, make sure you understand the role and composition of the board. From all you have learned, do you have an initial level of trust and confidence in the leadership and direction of the organization? Will you be proud to be associated with the organization? If you can answer yes to these questions, proceed with confidence (Mason et al., 2020). One example of nurses affecting public policy is the American Nurses Association (ANA). Any graduate nurse can join the ANA. The ANA focuses on many policy issues that affect the nursing profession, such as health policy, health management, nursing practice, and health promotion.
NUR425 Discussion Post
Step 1: In your initial post to this discussion forum, respond to the following prompts. Include personal and practice-related experiences or observations as examples that support your response.
Choose a disaster that has occurred in the United States within the last 20 years
Describe at least 2 actions that were taken in one of the following stages of the disaster response. What stage of disaster response? What was done, and which agency, organization or individuals completed these actions?
Pre-disaster Stage
Impact Stage
Emergency Stage
Recovery Stage
Evaluation Stage
     3. Analyze the impact of these actions on the disaster recovery
Step 2: Your initial post should be 2-3 paragraphs in length. In addition to your original post, be sure to provide a meaningful response to at least two of your peers’ posts. Read other students’ postings and respond to at least two other students’ postings. Responsive posts should further explore the factors influencing the response to the disaster and the functions/roles of the public health nurse in disaster situations. Use a professional tone when interacting with your peers.
NUR425 Student Posts:
Student#1: The disaster investigated in this case is Hurricane Harvey which occurred in 2017 from 17th August to 3rd September in Texas and Louisiana. The hurricane caused more than 100 deaths (68 direct and 39 indirect), catastrophic flooding and became the most expensive tropical cyclone recorded with up to $125 billion in damages. The hurricane also required more than 17,000 rescues and caused displacement of over 30,000 people. (Black Jr, Graham, Black, Uhl, Dulock, Gleason, & Stevens, 2017).
Considering the emergency stage of disaster response, FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) played a significant role in the response. 28 Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) teams were assigned by FEMA to be deployed to aid local agencies and the state with the effort of saving lives. Over 6,000 people and over 200 animals were rescued with the use of high-water trucks and boats. In addition, FEMA provided 10,300 hygiene kits, 3 million liters of water, 3 million meals, 8,840 cots and 9,900 blankets to be distributed to survivors by the state. Furthermore, FEMA quickly supplied 186 million dollars in Public Assistance financing for reimbursement of state and local agencies for the expenditure on protective emergency measures and removal of wreckage. Also, FEMA cooperated with social media institutions in sharing information on the disaster, was engaged in the coordination of National Business Emergency Operations Center calls among 150 private sectors involved in the disaster response, and aided cell service companies in supplying charging stations for survivors of the disaster. (FEMA, 2017).
These actions played by FEMA in the disaster response impacted positively on the recovery from the Hurricane Harvey disaster. Countless lives were saved through rescue efforts that FEMA organized. Survivors were sheltered, fed, clothed, and given healthcare and financial aid as they came into terms with their losses and planned for their next steps. These actions greatly benefited the survivors physically, mentally, and psychologically as they recovered from the disaster.
Student #2: Hurricane Sandy is considered to be one of the deadliest natural disasters that struck the United States in late October 2012. The hurricane took only six days to form, and it resulted in deadly flooding, destructive winds, and mudslides (Force, 2013). Typically, Hurricane Sandy caused massive losses amounting to over $73.5 billion, implying that it was among the most expensive disasters in U.S. (Abramson & Redlener, 2012). This hurricane led to the death of about 150 people and resulted in the closure of the New York Stock Exchange for almost two days. Hurricane Storm also passed over Haiti, Jamaica, and the Dominican Republic and caused massive destruction to properties (Force, 2013). Lives were also lost, and the economy was paralyzed for a significant period.
In the pre-disaster stage, the National Hurricane Center assigned the local weather stations the role of offering advisory warnings to the public regarding the predicted hurricane. Members of the public were advised to relocate to safer places (Force, 2013). A procedure of relocating the people to recommended places was also put in place to reduce the risk of loss of lives. However, most of the residents chose not to evacuate (Abramson & Redlener, 2012). When the hurricane struck, many homes were destructed, and several people lost their lives as others sustained severe injuries. If the people had taken the safety advisory positively, no lives would have been lost. More importantly, the National Hurricane Center’s action of providing early warnings to the people was vital; otherwise, the death toll would have been higher. More than eight million people lost power due to the disaster, a situation that lasted for weeks in some areas (Abramson & Redlener, 2012). The state authorities provided funds to help resettle the victims, and plans were initiated to improve infrastructure to minimize future losses due to poor infrastructure.
solved For each scenario,Identify where you see the teachers using any
/in /by adminFor each scenario,Identify where you see the teachers using any of the 10 teaching strategies.Using the 5 guidelines for effective teaching describe (using specifics from the scenario) which guidelines are being used.Reflect on each scenario using information from the module to help you decide if the teachers where using developmentally appropriate practices. Identify those places per scenario where you did see these practices and where you didn’t feel that DAP was being implemented; describe what you would have done instead.Your assignment should be 2-4 pages in length and use section headers to organize your analysis.For example:Scenario 1Identification of DAP strategiesDescriptionReflection(Repeat for each scenario)Use an APA formatted title and reference pages as well as in text citation where appropriate.Scenario 1Ms. Donna cares for five children ranging in age from three months to thirty months in her family child care home.She begins her lunch routine by feeding three-month-old Katie. Katie waves her arms and fusses as her bottle is being prepared. Ms. Donna soothes her by saying, “It’s hard to wait when you’re hungry. Here comes the bottle now.” She holds Katie close, looks at her face, and speaks softly to her during feeding.When Samantha (age 30 months) asks for a new puzzle, Ms. Donna says, “I’ll get it when Katie is finished. You can look at a book while you’re waiting.” Samantha pulls a book from a pocket on her wheelchair. When Katie is settled in her crib for a nap, Ms. Donna helps the other children wash their hands for lunch. Samantha and Leyla (age 19 months) can wash their hands by themselves. Ms. Donna reminds them to “keep rubbing your hands all over with soap.” “Get germs off!” exclaims Samantha.The four children eat lunch with Ms. Donna at a low table. She has organized everything and placed it within reach. Each child has a sippy cup of milk. Samantha and Leyla serve themselves cheese sandwiches and chunks of bananas. Ms. Donna helps them with the steamed zucchini. She places a small amount of each food on the other children’s plates. The food is cut up so the toddlers can eat independently.Brianna (age 10 months) uses a pincer grasp to feed herself pieces of sandwich, banana and zucchini. Colin (age 15 months) eats quickly with his fingers and a spoon and holds out his plate for more. “Colin, say ‘More, please,’ prompts Ms. Donna. “Muh, muh” says Colin. “Here’s some more,” she says as she serves the food. Leyla eats the cheese sandwich and banana, but leaves the zucchini on her plate. When she asks for more sandwich and banana, Ms. Donna allows her to take more of each. “Maybe you’ll like the zucchini next time,” she remarks. “It’s my favorite vegetable. Yum!”One by one, the children lose interest in eating or say they are finished. Colin and Leyla throw their trash away and put their dirty dishes in a plastic dishpan on the table. Samantha wipes her tray with a damp paper towel before wheeling her chair to the trash can. Ms. Donna helps the children clean their hands and choose a quiet activity in the play area nearby.Scenario 2Jae-Yoon and Sam, like all of their classmates in the 3 year old room, love drums. It all started with a favorite book, Pots and Pans. First, the children enjoyed pounding and tapping on the pots and pans in the home center. Then, the sturdy drums on the music shelf became popular. The children bang on one drum or pot and then another with their hands or with blocks, listening to the different sounds. The teachers have hung pictures of drums all around the room at eye level. The pictures show adults and children from around the world playing all kinds of drums. Sam likes the picture of the goblet shaped Djembe drum from West Africa.Today is a special day because several family members have brought drums from home. The visitors arrive and sit on the rug in the middle of the room. Jae-Yoon is the first to notice the new drums. She hurries over to try the bongo drums. Eduardo’s father shows her how to tap one drum and then the other. She copies him, listening to the high and low pitches.There is a Bera drum from Sri Lanka, a Native American drum with a deerskin top, and to Sam’s delight, a big Djembe drum. He moves back and forth between the Djembe drum and the picture, pointing and jabbering with excitement. “Yes, that’s a real Djembe drum, just like the one in the picture!” exclaims the teacher.Each visitor has a chance to play his or her drum. Most of the children cluster around to listen, and some move in time to the beat. The teachers allow the children to join the drumming activity or to play in other parts of the room. The teachers also take many pictures. These pictures will be made into laminated books for the children to look at later.Scenario 3Ms. Bobbie and Mr. Tim are care teachers for a group of two year olds. They know they should offer art more often, but it is hectic and messy and the teachers feel like it ends up being a negative experience because the children don’t listen.The teachers wait for all of the children to come to the table for an art activity. Some children are reluctant and want to continue playing on their own. When all the children are finally at the art table, Ms. Bobbie places the art materials on the table. Several children eagerly reach for the supplies. “Wait! I will pass them out after I tell you what we are making,” Ms. Bobbie exclaims. “We are going to make pumpkins like this,” explains Ms. Bobbie as she shows them the orange construction paper pumpkin with a green construction paper stem.Mr. Tim gives everyone a brown crayon and a paper pumpkin that he cut out earlier. “You can color your pumpkins brown.” Sydney says, “I want pink,” which is her favorite color. Mr. Tim replies, “We are using fall colors today. Pink isn’t a fall color.” “I want pink please,” she repeats. “You can use pink next time. Your mommy will like your brown and orange pumpkin,” answers Mr. Tim. Sydney sits for a moment, looking disappointed, then begins to use the crayon without much effort. After a few minutes Ms. Bobbie says, “OK, put your crayon in the basket,” even though some children are still making marks. She encourages them to hurry as the other children are restless.”Now we are going to put the stems on. Mr. Tim and I will put on the glue and help you paste on the stems.” Each child is to wait their turn. The teachers try to hurry, but the toddlers want to touch and smear the glue, which makes a mess. Bennett and Alan start waving their own unfinished pumpkins around and then smacking them into each other and giggling wildly. Two other children join in on the fun. Ms. Bobbie exclaims, “Stop! Put those down please. “The teachers decide to put the pumpkin stems on for the children to speed up the process. Ms. Bobbie starts to draw black lines on each child’s pumpkin to resemble the ridges on a real pumpkin. When Ms. Bobbie begins to draw on Sydney’s pumpkin, Sydney cries, “No, my pumpkin.” Ms. Bobbie replies, “It will look more like a pumpkin with the lines.” Sydney angrily swipes her pumpkin onto the floor and cries.Scenario 4The children in Mr. Cody’s and Ms. Natasha’s classroom just came inside from the playground. Mr. Cody tells all of the children to sit on the carpet in the center of the room for group time. Samara sits near a toy shelf instead and starts playing with a wooden peg stacking set. Mr. Cody calls to Samara saying, “Samara, it is time to put that away. Come sit with us, we are going to have group time.” Samara doesn’t respond to Mr. Cody and keeps playing with her toy.Mr. Cody approaches Samara and gently takes the toys from her and puts it on the shelf. He holds her hand saying, “It is group time.” Samara struggles a bit but in the end walks with Mr. Cody to the carpet.Mr. Cody starts group time by asking the children to stand up and stretch their arms to the ceiling; then bend to the right and left. When Samara doesn’t participate, Mr. Cody kindly says, “Samara, stand up and stretch.” Samara shakes her head no and continues to sit. Mr. Cody decides not to upset Samara more and lets her stay seated.When they are done stretching, Mr. Cody begins reading Mr. Brown Can Moo! Can You? by Dr. Seuss. Rihanna quickly loses interest. She begins to wiggle and fidget, accidentally kicking her neighbor in the back. Mr. Cody stops reading and tells Rihanna, “Stop kicking your friend and sit still please.” Rihanna stops kicking, but not interested in the story, she continues to look around the room.In the meantime, Samara has gotten a book off the shelf next to her. Mr. Cody asks his co-teacher, Ms. Natasha, to sit with Samara and help her put her book away while he finishes group time. Mr. Cody is able to finish reading the book, though two more children have become distracted by the other children’s behavior, and by the stopping and starting of group time activities. Mr. Cody ends group time early by singing a song.