CompetencyIn this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competency:Describe the foundational elements of the U.S. legal system and the relationships among themScenarioYou are a successful small business owner and have been asked by the local chapter of the Junior Entrepreneurs Association, a club for high school students interested in business careers, to make a presentation. The title of the presentation is “The U.S. Legal System and Business.” You have been provided with a detailed topic outline for your presentation and have been asked to touch on every topic it contains. You have also been asked to develop your presentation in the context of business and business law.DirectionsThe resources provided in the course will support your work; no additional research is required. Create a PowerPoint presentation that specifically covers the detailed topic outline as follows:Introduction: Provide an introduction to the law and its purposes, including why there is a need for business law.Foundation: Briefly explain the foundation of the legal system in the United States, including the branches of the U.S. government and their relationship to each other.SourcesDescribe three of the primary sources of U.S. law and provide one example of each primary source of law that is related to the business environment.Name and briefly summarize the clause of the U.S. Constitution that grants the government the power to regulate business. Provide an example of government regulation of business.Courts: Differentiate between federal and state courts, including an example of the type of business case that could be heard in each court.Differences: Explain the difference between criminal law, civil law, and alternative dispute resolution.Conclusions: Describe why every business owner and leader must have a basic understanding of the U.S. legal system.What to SubmitTo complete this project, you must submit a PowerPoint presentation that includes:At least 8 and no more than 16 slides that contain images and/or text.Each slide should be accompanied by at least 1 and no more than 4 paragraphs of notes (presentation talking points) or recorded narration that is 1 to 3 minutes in length.An APA formatted References slide.Sources should be cited according to APA style.Supporting MaterialsThe following resource supports your work on the project:Tutorials: PowerPoint Office 365 (2019)These tutorials provide a basic introduction to using PowerPoint, which you may find helpful if you are unfamiliar with the software application.Project One RubricCriteriaExemplary (100%)Proficient (85%)Needs Improvement (55%)Not Evident (0%)ValueIntroductionExceeds proficiency in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative mannerAccurately explains the purpose and need for business lawShows progress toward proficiency, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include greater insight about the relationship between law and businessDoes not attempt criterion15FoundationExceeds proficiency in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative mannerAccurately describes the branches of U.S. government and their relationship to one anotherShows progress toward proficiency, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include accuracy in contentDoes not attempt criterion15SourcesExceeds proficiency in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative mannerAccurately identifies the three primary sources of U.S. law, the constitutional clause that allows government to regulate business, and business-related examplesShows progress toward proficiency, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include accuracy in content, scope of content, or better examples or application of conceptsDoes not attempt criterion15CourtsExceeds proficiency in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative mannerClearly differentiates federal and state courts and includes examples of types of cases heard in each courtShows progress toward proficiency, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include accuracy in content, level of information appropriate for the audience, or greater insight about how this topic pertains to businessDoes not attempt criterion15DifferencesExceeds proficiency in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative mannerClearly explains the difference between criminal law, civil law, and alternative dispute resolutionShows progress toward proficiency, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include accuracy in content, level of information appropriate for the audience, or greater insight about how this topic pertains to businessDoes not attempt criterion15ConclusionExceeds proficiency in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative mannerAccurately explains why business owners and leaders must understand the U.S. legal systemShows progress toward proficiency, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include greater insight about the need for business owners and leaders to understand the U.S. legal systemDoes not attempt criterion15Articulation of ResponseExceeds proficiency in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative mannerClearly conveys meaning with correct grammar, sentence structure, and spelling, and demonstrating an understanding of audience and purposeShows progress toward proficiency, but with errors in grammar, sentence structure, and spelling, negatively impacting readabilitySubmission has critical errors in grammar, sentence structure, and spelling, preventing understanding of ideas5Citations and AttributionsUses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errorsUses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with consistent minor errorsUses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with major errorsDoes not use citations for ideas requiring attribution

Week 3 Assignment: Analyzing Body LanguageStart AssignmentDue May 23 by 11:59pm Points 175 Submitting a website url, a media recording, or a file uploadRequired ResourcesRead/review the following resources for this activity:Textbook: Chapter 7, 8Lesson 3APA style manualCitation and Writing Assistance: Writing Papers At CULibrary OverviewHow to Search for Articles – the Everything TabInstructionsSocial Movements are only as important as the person leading them. The person(s) leading a social movement must have charisma and be able to captivate an audience. Political scientists and historians are taught to analyze body language, especially during debates and speeches.For this assignment, you will watch Dr Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream (Links to an external site.) speech and a speech by Alicia Garza of the Black Lives Matter movement (Links to an external site.) and answer questions listed below. Pay special attention to the following aspects in the two speeches.Importance of body language while delivering the speech.Gestures, cadence and delivery style.Answer the following Provide a summary of the two speeches.Compare Dr. King’s leadership, charisma, power and passion to capture his audience to Alicia Garza’s speech. What are the similarities, if any? What are the differences, if any?How does the location of the speeches support their messaging? Dr. King’s speech was held in a church and at the Lincoln Memorial, whereas today we have social networking and more avenues to relay messages. Does messaging make a difference?Describe how the audience in Dr. King’s speeches relate to the Alicia Garza’s audience. Do you see a similarity or differences in the speeches and in the audience?Paper Requirements (APA format) Length: 2-3 pages of substantive content12 pt fontParenthetical in-text citations included and formatted in APA style  References page (a minimum of 2 outside scholarly sources plus the textbook and/or the weekly lesson for each course outcome) . At least one of the references should be a state constitution.Title and introduction pages are present.GradingThis activity will be graded based on the Written Assignment Grading Rubric.Course Outcomes (CO): 2, 4, 6Due Date: By 11:59 p.m. MT on SundayRubricWeek 3 – Analyzing Body LanguageWeek 3 – Analyzing Body LanguageCriteriaRatingsPtsThis criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLength15 ptsThe assignment is at least 1½- 2 pages long.13 ptsThe assignment is at least 1½ pages long11 ptsAssignment is 1 page in length10 ptsAssignment is ½ page in length0 ptsNo effort15 ptsThis criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSummary of Speeches20 ptsPaper begins with a clear and concise summary of both speeches17 ptsPaper provides a summary of both speeches, but more detail could be added.15 ptsPaper provides a summary of both speeches but is short on specifics13 ptsPaper provides a summary of one speech. Second summary and details incomplete0 ptsNo effort20 ptsThis criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLeadership and Charisma: Similarities and differences between Dr. King and Alicia Garcia’s speech35 ptsProvides a thoughtful and clear description of the ways Dr. King and Alicia Garza capture their audience and make their points31 ptsProvides a thoughtful description of the ways Dr. King and Alicia Garza capture audience and make their points to the audience27 ptsProvides some description of the ways Dr. King and Alicia Garza capture audience and make their points to the audience24 ptsMinimal description of the ways Dr. King and Alicia Garza capture audience and make their points to the audience0 ptsNo effort35 ptsThis criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLocation Impact30 ptsClearly discusses the significance of the locations in reinforcing Dr. King’s message and that of Alicia Garza26 ptsDiscusses the significance of the locations in reinforcing Dr. King’s message and that of Alicia Garza.23 ptsMentions the significance of the locations in reinforcing Dr. King’s message and that of Alicia Garza20 ptsMinimal mention of the significance of the locations in reinforcing Dr. King’s message and that of Alicia Garza0 ptsNo effort30 ptsThis criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAudience Reaction: Compare and Contrast35 ptsDraws clear, explicit connection between the audience reaction and Dr. King’s vocal intonations and body language in comparison/contrast to Alicia Garza.31 ptsDraws good connection between the audience reaction and Dr. King’s vocal intonations and body language in comparison/contrast to Alicia Garza.27 ptsSome connection between the audience reaction and Dr. King’s vocal intonations and/or body language in comparison/contrast to Alicia Garza.24 ptsMinimal connection between the audience reaction and Dr. King’s vocal intonations and/or body language in comparison/contrast to Alicia Garza.0 ptsNo effort35 ptsThis criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWriting: Mechanics and Usage20 ptsThe writing is concise, free of errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation.17 ptsThe writing is free of errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation.15 ptsThe writing contains some errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation.13 ptsThe student presents information that is not clear, logical, professional or organized to the point that the reader has difficulty understanding the message0 ptsNo effort20 ptsThis criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCitations10 ptsThe references are provided in accurate APA format.8 ptsThe references contain 1 error in APA format.7 ptsThe references contain 2 errors in APA format.6 ptsThe references contain 3 or more errors in APA format.0 ptsNo effort10 ptsThis criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeReferences10 ptsContains at least two references, one of which is a state constitution8 ptsContains at least two references, but one of the two is not a state constitution7 ptsContains one reference, which may or may not be a state co

Businesses most often file for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 or Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code. While Chapter 11 historically has proven more useful to large businesses, changes under recent federal laws may make it a good option for small businesses during the COVID-19 outbreak.
A standard filing under Chapter 11 involves agreeing with creditors on a proposed reorganization plan, which will be confirmed by a court if enough creditors accept it. This allows the business to continue operating, which would not be possible if the business filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 7. The seven largest unsecured creditors of the business will form a creditor committee to monitor the operations of the business and help develop the reorganization plan. The creditor committee process can become costly, since it may involve retaining attorneys and experts to investigate the business. Also, a reorganization plan may not be finalized for over a year after the debtor files, due to the complexities of negotiating with creditors. The cost and inefficiency of Chapter 11 thus have made it unattractive to many small business owners in the past.  
Sometimes a small business will file for bankruptcy under Chapter 7, although this chapter is more commonly associated with individual bankruptcy. After the business files, a bankruptcy trustee will liquidate its assets and distribute the proceeds among creditors. However, a Chapter 7 discharge is not available to businesses that have shut down already. Most small businesses that have closed because of the COVID-19 outbreak thus will not qualify for this form of relief.
Chapter 7 may be more attractive to sole proprietors than other business owners. This is because sole proprietors who file under Chapter 7 can receive a discharge for personal debt as well as business debt. Thus, they can greatly reduce their overall debt burden and rebound more quickly from the COVID-19 outbreak. A sole proprietor with a service-oriented operation may even be able to keep the business open by relying on their own labor, while the bankruptcy trustee sells the assets of the business. However, the bankruptcy trustee has the discretion to decide whether a business can stay open in these circumstances. A trustee sometimes may allow a business to stay open if it has liability insurance, or a trustee may not allow a business to stay open at all. 
Bankruptcy under Subchapter V of Chapter 11 sometimes resembles a Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Subchapter V eliminates the creditor committee requirement in Chapter 11 and allows a bankruptcy trustee to monitor the debtor’s payments. Thus, the owners retain greater control over the business. Subchapter V also provides more efficient relief. A debtor submits their proposed reorganization plan within 90 days of filing for bankruptcy. It requires approval from a judge but not from creditors. A judge will approve a plan if it is fair and equitable, and if it seems at least reasonably likely to succeed. Often, a plan allocates the disposable income of the debtor toward repaying creditors over the next three to five years. To remain eligible for this relief, the business must keep up with plan payments during the applicable time.
These benefits come with certain specific requirements. For example, the business must submit a wide range of financial disclosures and reports throughout the process. The managers of the business must attend a series of meetings, including a debtor interview, a scheduling conference, and a Section 341 meeting of creditors. The business also must keep up with taxes and insurance, and it must allow inspections of its property, books, and records with reasonable notice. 
The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 (CAA) included additional amendments to the Bankruptcy Code in an attempt to make bankruptcy more equitable during the coronavirus pandemic. The CAA allows small business debtors under the SBRA to request a 60-day extension to perform obligations arising under a lease of non-residential property, such as paying rent, if the debtor has experienced a material hardship due to COVID-19. This is in addition to the 60 days already afforded under section 365(d)(3) of the Bankruptcy Code. Debtors may also take 210 days, rather than 120 days, to decide whether to accept or reject non-residential property leases, with the option to extend this deadline by an additional 90 days with the permission of the bankruptcy court.
Respond to the questions below, select the Forum link, then click on Create Thread and type in your posting.  To respond to a minimum of 2  classmates, first, click on one of their postings, read it, and then select REPLY.  Please type your NAME in the Subject field. 
1. Many small businesses throughout the U.S. have struggled to survive the challenges posed by the novel coronavirus. If a business is overwhelmed by debt, its owners may decide to file for bankruptcy. Do you know of any business or company that closed down or filed bankruptcy because of suffering during the pandemic? Explain by discussing an example and what you learned through this article that must be done when under Bankruptcy?
2. The word “bankruptcy” has historically always been associated with something bad or something wrong caused by business mistakes or lack of money. What are benefits you consider as good about business filing for bankruptcy? Discuss why by supporting your answer with an example(s) of how it can work out for a business?
3. Under Chapter 7 a creditor committee must monitor the operations of the business and help develop the reorganization plan. The creditor committee process can become costly, since it may involve retaining attorneys and experts to investigate the business. Businesses must always think ahead about how to pay for issues when they arise. If you are a small business owner how would you pay for the attorney fees and still keep up with taxes and insurance? 

In need of (2) substantive replies of 100 words each to (2) different post. E01322CE01NCOL: Fundamental Leadership Dynamics Topic: Lesson 1 – What is Leadership? Peer replies to further the conversation Student replied to at least two (2) classmates’ posts and each reply includes at least three (3) to four (4) sentences relating the classmate’s post to at least one (1) question/point of the Discussion Prompt. Responses are substantive and encourage discussion by proposing a different point of view supported by an attribution to a source, personal example, or personal application. All responses include related follow up questions to promote continued discussion. Topic: Lesson 1 – What is Leadership? LESSON 1 ISSUE FOR DISCUSSION #1: What is your definition of leadership and is being a leader simply a matter of positional rank or authority? Forum Post 1: Re: Lesson 1, IFD #1 I’ve heard it often stated that leadership is influence or as they say in different parts of the world; juice, wasta, chutzpah, charisma. When I think of leaders, I think of the people that have the ability to greatly influence others, generally this occurs both inside their organization and outside of it. This is echoed during the great speech by Simon Sinek (11:25) “People at the top of organizations are not necessarily leaders, they have authority. There are loads of people are the bottom of organization that are leaders but have no authority”. He also holds on to another key point, to be more than simply an authoritative figure, you must have a emotional relationship with others. His profound example of a Medal of Honor recipient kissing the forehead of a wounded soldier is quite visceral. I would offer that leaders could achieve that emotional relationship through their words (inspirational and authentic), actions (selfless and goal oriented) or persona (setting the example). Leadership is not transactional. A difficult paradox to overcome for many people derives from the Leadership By Walking Around concept of the 1980s and also the ductus exemplo (leadership by example) Marines are taught-the paradox of leading from the front while still being strategic. This paradox is alluded to in the Harvard Business Review article where they talk about being on the “balcony”, a metaphor for taking a step back from the tactical and seeing the entire picture. I would add this to my second key attribute of being a leader, having the ability to be both a tactical executor and a strategic thinker. I think we’ve all had a “big blue arrow” leader in our careers that sits back and watches the action. It’s slightly rarer to see the authoritative figure simply throw their hands in the air and start executing. It’s the rarest of all leaders that know when to be a visionary and when to get their hands dirty. Forum Post 2: Re: Lesson 1, IFD #1 I define leadership as maximizing the potential of others towards the achievement of a common goal. In my opinion, a leader needs to be able to recognize and seek out the talents and expertise of those he/she may be trying to lead, and connect those talents and expertise to a common goal. There are, of course, many different methods that me be employed to achieve this, and no one particular theory of leadership is necessarily the definitively correct method. However, from the reading the theory of servant-leadership and transformational leadership stuck out the most. Servant-leadership focuses on being a servant first, and this means ensuring that the needs of others are elevated to the highest priority (A Review of Leadership Theory and Competency Framework). The Marine Corps’s practice of waiting for the most junior ranking of the group to eat first, as was mentioned in the video, serves as a perfect example. In this way, our leaders are expected to be more than just authority figures. Likewise, transformational leadership gives the leader an opportunity to elevate the moral and ethical qualities of others that can in turn shape the follower into a leader (A Review of Leadership Theory and Competency Framework). Regularly scheduled and continuous counselings are critical in carrying out transformational leadership. In the video, Simon Sinek mentioned a New York company called NextJump and their policy of lifetime employment. They would rather help their people succeed and improve rather than fire them or lay them off. This results in higher moral and overall higher achievement for their company. It also provides an opportunity to communicate standards and expectations on a regular basis, as well as track progress on previously established goals. This not only allows for constructive and meaningful improvement on the part of the recipient, but it also reminds them that they are indeed apart of a larger group that provides them with purpose and meaning. I think it is unfortunate how some treat leadership as rank or just as a matter of authority. This denigrates the purpose of leadership altogether. When one finds oneself in the capacity to lead, there is a very real opportunity to have a positive impact on those whom you may lead, and to even create something good. Making improvements on what is broken is always a nice bonus, but when people have a chance to build something meaningful together, this gives everyone purpose. Whoever is able to facilitate that process is someone I would consider a leader. In this way, I prefer to think of rank as connoting a persons level of responsibility when attempting to achieve a common goal. There must always be accountability of tasks and duties, and that is where rank comes into play. In other words, the proportion of the problems faced will determine the level of rank you must go to in order to solve those problems. Rank is merely a connotation of ones willingness to take responsibility. Rank complements a persons already proven ability to lead rather than permit it.

Post one thread of at least 400 words.
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Topic:  Please discuss the following:

What qualities make a good team member?
Why are team members vital for a law enforcement organization’s success?

Peer Response #1
Team members are essential to the success of criminal justice organizations. Korner, Wirtz, Bengel, and Goritz (2015) stated that team members forecast job fulfillment (p. 2). In order for criminal justice organizations to be successful, the organization must have team members that are willing to help achieve organizational goals. There are several qualities that make a good team member. Team members should have a willingness to listen and learn. Other qualities that team members should have are the ability to receive constructive criticism and adapt. It is imperative that team members have exceptional communication skills, a good work ethic, and are able to put others needs before theirs.
According to the Office of Justice Programs (1997), team members are vital to law enforcement agencies because working together helps increase safety, strengthens effectiveness, improves communications, and enhances confidence (p. 10). Team members are vital in criminal justice organizations because they work towards common goals such as solving crime and community policing. Team members are also vital within the law enforcement community because there is power in numbers. Often times law enforcement relies on their brothers and sisters in blue to “have their six” which means having their back. Having the camaraderie gives fellow officers assurance that their team members have their backs out in the field.
The Bible offers guidance and scripture on teamwork. Proverbs 27:17 reads “as iron sharpens iron, so one person sharpens another” (New International Bible, 1978/2011). If people are able to work together, they are able to help each other out. Another scripture that reflects teamwork is Proverbs 11:14 which says, “for lack of guidance a nation falls, but victory is won through many advisors” (New International Bible, 1978/2011). The Bible says victory can be accomplished by working together. It is important for law enforcement to work as a team and for team members to have each other’s backs in this profession. In order for law enforcement organizations to be successful, they must be comprised of law enforcement that are willing to be effective team members. Law enforcement can be a dangerous profession, having the camaraderie of fellow officers helps assure both safety for law enforcement officers as well as the overall success of the organization.

Peer Response #2

Team Members
“For as we have many members in one body, and all members have not the same office: So, we, being many, are one body in Christ, and everyone members one of another (King James Bible, 1769/201, Romans 12:4-5). Law Officer (2012) described a “team member (team player, teamwork) as a group of people with a common goal. Harbison (2017) further describes team members with a ‘we’ mentality, creating experiences with others in the company and with existing and potential customers; focused on finding, providing without hesitation; whenever and however, with a shared common goal. This is true in law enforcement, in whatever unit department working together to insure the organization is effective in accomplishing its mission. (Mason (2019) stated in his presentation team member are the backbone of the law enforcement organization.
What Qualities Make a Good Team Member?
Scherman (2019) described six qualities of a police officer as someone with proficient communication skills with fellow team members as well as the public they serve; compassion and empathy in their everyday duty days; integrity, negotiation skills, eagerness to learn (which something that will happen every day) and mental agility. On personal experiences, team members must be flexible, prepared each day for the mission, know your team members, lift them up, training, be proficient, solve the problems together and work as a team and have fun doing it. A little competition does not hurt; however, the goal is to accomplish the mission, not hinder for personal glory. On a personal experience, I had a sign on my desk written by Robert Woodruff, “There is no limit to what a man can do or how far he can go if he doesn’t mind who gets the credit” (QuoteTab, 2019)
Why are Team Members Vital for a Law Enforcement Organization?
Team members are vital to the organization by working together increase safety, improve effectiveness, strengthen communication, boost morale, and make the organization more successful. They work together, learning from each other, improving each thoughts, skills, and actions. They work interdependently; each mutually dependent on the other to accomplish the mission. Team members support each other, both professionally and emotionally. The leadership or the first line supervisor, usually the sergeant, is key to the team, as well as most important factor in promoting teamwork. Leadership needs to treat every member equally concern for everyone’s personal welfare. Finally, supervisors should structure work to enhance understanding and communication among officers. (Bergner, 1997, p. 10) As a leader, I was only good as my team. The team was what made me. At the end of the day, all received credit that was earned due to the contribution and success of the mission. We did it together, had fun and accomplished more than we expected. We all went home at the end of the day or days. “Now there are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit; And there are differences of administrations, but the same Lord; And there are diversities of operations, but it is the same God which worketh all in all; But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal” (King James Bible, 1769/201, 1 Corinthians 12:4–7).